Find in the text English equivalents to the following word combinations

1 2 3

Институт экономической безопасности

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2

для студентов очной и заочной формы обучения

К РАБОЧЕЙ ПРОГРАММЕ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ

Б1.Б2. ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

Направление подготовки – 40.03.01 (030900.62)

(уровень высшего образования (бакалавр))

Профиль подготовки – Гражданское право, уголовное право

Санкт-Петербург

2019

Разработчик: старший преподаватель кафедры Экономики и управления ЛГУ им.А.С. Пушкина, Дальнова Г.А.

«___»_____________ 2019 г.

Рассмотрено и одобрено на заседании кафедры экономики и управления

«___»_____________ 2019 г. протокол №________________.

Основная профессиональная образовательная программа 38.03.01Экономика профиль подготовки «Экономико-правовое обеспечение экономической безопасности»

утверждена Ученым советом университета, протокол №_______________ от «___»_____________ 2019 г.

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

ВАРИАНТ 1

(Выполняют студенты, фамилии которых начинаются с букв А-О)

SOURCES OF ENGLISH LAW

I. READING TASKS:

1.1. Skim the text quickly and decide what each part of the text (1-5) is about:

a) statutory interpretation;

b) the historical sources of Parliament’s supremacy;

c) Parliamentary sovereignty;

d) Primary and delegated legislation;

e) The role of courts in relation to legislation.

LEGISLATION

1. Most new laws is made in documentary form by way of an Act of Parliament. In the British Constitution a vital doctrine is that of Parliamentary sovereignty – the recognition and acceptance that Parliamenet is the supreme law-making authority in the land and that there is no limit in law to the law-making capacity of that institution. Consequ ently what Parliament passes in the form of Act will be put into effect by courts. A statute can only be overruled or amended by another, later statute.

2. This acceptance by the courts of Parliament’s supremacy is entirely a matter of history derived directly from the seventeenth century conflict between the Stuart Kings and Parliament. In that conflict the courts took the side of Parliament and one result of their joint success was that thereafter the courts have been prepared to acknowledge the supremacy of Parliament within its own sphere, whilst Parliament has readily allowed the independence of the judiciary to become an acknowledged factor in the Constitution.

3. However, that authority may not be absolute - it has been limited by the relationship with the European Union, and the importance of principles such as the recognition of individual freedoms, democracy and governmental accountability may place further limits on its exercise. Nevertheless, save for these possible limits in extreme circumstances, the judges must normally apply statutes, even if they are contrary to established common law. The task of the judge is to interpret and apply the statute – they cannot disregard it or declare it to be “unconstitutional”. The enactments of Parliament are not subject to question.

4. There are various theories as to how the judge should interpret statutes. This is not an easy task. The meaning of words is seldom self-evident, they will often bear two, or even more possible interpretations and hence the courts must always exercise a considerable degree of control over the practical application of statutes.

5. The most important legislation is Acts of Parliament (called primary legislation). This becomes valid through being approved (after debate) in the House of Commons and the House of Lords; it then receives the Royal Assent from the Queen. A greater volume of legislation is nowadays made under the authority of primary legislation by Government Ministers, and it does not have to be approved in advance by Parliament. This is called delegated or secondary legislation. Such legislation is issued in the form of statutory instruments (there are about three thousand per year) and may be titled “regulations” or “orders”. The advantage of delegating legislation is that it enables saving time, expertise, and flexibility, the disadvantages are that it gives wide powers to make laws without debate and which may not be as much publicized as the Acts of Parliament themselves and as much known to the public.

Scan the text again to decide whether these statements are true or false.

1) The main law making bodies are courts.

2) Courts have power to amend statutes.

3) In conflict between Stuart Kings and Parliament the courts took the side of Parliament.

4) Parliamentary sovereignty is limited by UK laws.

5) Statutory interpretation is not an easy matter.

6) Delegated legislation is not possible in England.

Read the text again to complete the following sentences.

1) In the British Constitution a vital doctrine is that of ………………...

2) …………….. is the supreme law-making authority.

3) A statute can only be overruled or amended by ………………...

4) The task of the judge is to ………………. The statute.

5) The ……………… must exercise a considerable degree of control over the practical application of statutes.

6) The most important legislation is ……………….

II. VOCABULARY TASKS:

The words on the left (1-6) appear in the text. Match each word to the correct definition on the right (a-f).

1. judgement	a) the leading or controlling position
2. statute	b) set of beliefs, especially political or religious, taught and accepted by a particular group
3. recognition	c) a law which has been formally approved and written down
4. supremacy	d) the ability or power to do something
5. doctrine	e)agreement that something is true or legal
6. capacity	f)an official legal decision