2020-04-12
2636
1. Heart disease
2. Atherosclerosis
3. Coronary artery disease
4. Angioplasty
5. Arrhythmia
A. a heart condition in which fatty materials accumulate in arteries and harden their walls
B. a condition where the arteries become blocked and narrow, which prevents sufficient blood from reaching the heart
C. a surgical procedure that widens an obstructed blood vessel by inserting a balloon and inflating it
D. a term for a group of illnesses involving irregular electrical activity in the heart
E. a term for a group of illnesses that affect the heart
Fill in the gaps with these words:
stent harden cholesterol smoking bypass
1. 
Cholesterol can cause arteries to leading to atherosclerosis.
2. 
is a major risk factor for heart disease.
3. The man required major surgery to increase blood flow to the heart.
4. The surgeon inserted a to keep the artery open.
5. 
Eating many fatty foods can significantly increase your levels.
Тема 6.4. Язва / Ulcer
Level A
We learn the new words / Мы учим новые слова
sore – язва, рана
small intestine – тонкая кишка
cause – причина; вызывать, являться причиной
burning pain – жгучая боль
last -длиться
acid - кислота
digest food – переваривать пищу
such as – такой как
NSAIDs- нестероидные противовоспалительные средства
spicy - острый
heal - излечивать
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lining – слизистый слой
We read / Мы читаем
A peptic ulcer is a sore in the lining of your stomach or your duodenum, the first part of your small intestine. A burning stomach pain is the most common symptom. The pain
· Starts between meals or during the night
· Briefly stops if you eat or take antacids
· Lasts for minutes to hours
· Comes and goes for several days or weeks
Peptic ulcers happen when the acids that help you digest food damage the walls of the stomach or duodenum. The most common cause is infection with a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori. Another cause is the long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen. Stress and spicy foods do not cause ulcers, but can make them worse.
To see if you have an H. pylori infection, your doctor will test your blood, breath, or stool. Your doctor also may look inside your stomach and duodenum by doing an endoscopy or x-ray.
Peptic ulcers will get worse if not treated. Treatment may include medicines to reduce stomach acids or antibiotics to kill H. pylori. Antacids and milk can't heal peptic ulcers. Not smoking and avoiding alcohol can help. You may need surgery if your ulcers don't heal.
Say it in English / Скажите это по-английски:
самый распространенный симптом; между приемами пищи; имеет преходящий характер; долгосрочный прием; если не пролечивается; нуждаться в хирургическом вмешательстве
Unscramble / Составьте предложения из данных слов:
1) between the pain meals burning start can
2) ulcer a peptic is in or your intestine sore a stomach your
3) Helicobacter pylori cause infection is common the most called ulcer of
Level B
| Read the title of the text and say |
· what the word “peptic” means
· what organs belong to the digestive system
· what symptoms can point to the problems with the digestive system
Vocabulary
| Ability | Способность |
| Lesion ['liːʒ(ə)n] | Повреждение, поражение (органа, ткани) |
| Mucous lining | Слизистая выстилка |
| To suffer from | Страдать от |
| To account for | Объясняться ч-л; насчитываться в кол-ве |
| Gnawing pain | Ноющая боль |
| Burning pain | Жгучая боль |
| Hunger-like pain | Голодная боль |
| Withdrawal | (зд.) Прекращение приёма, отказ от употребления (к-л лекарства и т.п.) |
| NSAIDS | Нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты |
Reading
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PEPTIC ULCERS
Peptic ulcer is a lesion that occurs primarily in the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum (the upper segment of the small intestine); it is produced when external factors reduce the ability of the mucosal lining to resist the acidic effects of gastric juice (a mixture of the digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid). Evidence now indicates that infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the two main causes of peptic ulcer.
Between 10 and 15 percent of the world’s population suffers from peptic ulcers. Duodenal ulcers, which account for 80% of peptic ulcers, are more common in men than in women, but stomach ulcers affect women more frequently. The symptoms of gastric and duodenal ulcers are similar and include a gnawing, burning and hunger-like pain in the mid-upper abdomen, usually experienced from one to three hours after meals and several hours after retiring.
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is the most common bacterial infection in humans. Among those who suffer from peptic ulcers as many as 90% of those with duodenal ulcers and 70% with gastric ulcers are believed to be infected with Helicobacter pylori. Evidences also exists that untreated H. pylori infection may lead to stomach cancer. The recommended treatments for H. pylori-induced ulcers are antibiotics and drugs that stop the secretion of stomach acid.
Most peptic ulcers not caused by H. pylori infection result from the ingestion of large quantities of NSAIDs, which are often prescribed for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Withdrawal of NSAID treatment usually allows the ulcer to heal. Complications of ulcers include bleeding, perforation of the abdominal wall and obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract.
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
| True or false? |
1. Peptic ulcers may develop in the stomach and duodenum.
2. The mucous membrane of the stomach is able to resist the acidic effects of gastric juice.
3. Gastric juice does not contain digestive enzymes.
4. Gastric and duodenal ulcers are characterized by similar symptoms.
5. Infection with Helicobacter pylori is responsible for most peptic ulcers.
6. Almost 90% of the world’s population is infected with Helicobacter pylori.
7. Peptic ulcers are treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
| Scan the text and find the terms to match the definitions. |
1. The first (upper) of the three segments of the small intestine.
2. The moist inner covering of most tube organs in the body including the airways and the gastrointestinal tract.
3. A protein which accelerates biochemical reactions but does not take part in them.
4. A liquid secreted by the gastric glands and consisting of hydrochloric acid, mucus and digestive enzymes.
5. Formation of a hole in the wall of an inner organ as a complication of a disease.
6. Blockage of transport or passage of any substances through a tube organ.
7. Any localized abnormal structural change in the body caused by an injury or a disease.
| Point out the terms in (a) with Latin or Greek elements. Which of these elements mean “stomach”, “slime”, and “twelve”? |
| Choose the best translation for the italicized parts of the sentences |
1. Peptic ulcer is produced when external factors reduce the ability of the mucous lining to resist the acidic effects of gastric juice.
a) сокращают способность
b) снижают способность
2. Evidence now indicates that infection with Helicobacter pylori and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the main causes of peptic ulcer.
a) В настоящее время данные свидетельствуют
b) Сейчас очевидность показывает
3. Between 10 and 15% of the world’s population suffers from peptic ulcers.
a) Между 10 и 15% мирового населения
b) От 10 до 15% людей во всем мире.
4. Duodenal ulcers, which account for 80% of peptic ulcers, are more common in men than in women.
a) насчитывают 80% пептических язв
b) составляют 80% пептических язв
5. The symptoms of gastric and duodenal ulcers include gnawing, burning, hunger-like pain.
gnawing pain
a) ноющая боль
b) грызущая боль
burning pain
a) изжога
b) жгучая боль
hunger-like pain
a) сосущая боль
b) голодная боль
6. As many as 90% of those with duodenal ulcers and 70% with gastric ulcers are believed to be infected with H. pylori.
a) Так много как 90% тех, кто страдает …..
b) До 90% из тех, кто страдает ……
7. The symptoms of gastric and duodenal ulcers are usually experienced from one to three hours after meals and several hours after retiring.
a) после отхода ко сну
b) после ухода с работы
| Find in the text the English for the Russian words and phrases. Use them in sentences of your own on the theme of the text |
Повреждение; внешние факторы; противостоять воздействию; длительное использование; кислота; противовоспалительный препарат; язва желудка; язва двенадцатиперстной кишки; более распространенный; страдать от …; бактериальная инфекция; прием [лекарств] внутрь; боль, испытываемая после еды; рекомендуемое лечение; отмена [препарата]; заживать; поражать женщин чаще; осложнения; кровотечение; прободение кишечной стенки; непроходимость желудочно-кишечного тракта.
| Complete the sentences choosing the appropriate words from the list given below. Translate the sentences into Russian |
1. Gastric juice is a complex …… of digestive enzymes, mucus and hydrochloric acid.
2. The patient’s condition required immediate …… of the prescribed medication.
3. Infection with bacteria can lead to …… processes in various organs.
4. Bleeding is one of the possible ….… of surgical operations.
5. This disease occurs at any age and …… men more frequently than women.
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6. Doctors haven’t studied yet the effects of the …… use of this drug.
7. Many diseases can..… from the environmental pollution.
8. Peptic ulcers …… faster if patients follow the prescribed treatment strictly.
inflammatory, complications, affects, result, mixture, heal, long-term, withdrawal
| Go back to the text and answer the questions |
1. In what organs do peptic ulcers form?
2. What are the two main causes of peptic ulcers?
3. How many people suffer from peptic ulcers in the world?
4. Which sex is more liable to stomach ulcer? duodenal ulcer?
5. What are the symptoms of gastric and duodenal ulcers?
6. What medications are used to treat H. pylori-induced peptic ulcers?
7. What is it necessary to do if a person suffers from NSAID-induced peptic ulcer?
8. What complications can peptic ulcers lead to?
| Choose the information from the text to match the headings |
1. Description of peptic ulcer and its incidence.
2. Causes of peptic ulcer.
3. Symptoms of peptic ulcer and possible complications.
| Discuss the questions |
1. Do you think that peptic ulcer is a common condition? Prove your viewpoint using the facts from the text.
2. What factors of lifestyle induce the development of peptic ulcer?
3. What food can contribute to the development of peptic ulcer?
