2020-04-12
1198
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue
- Joint and muscle pain
- Unexplained weight loss
Hepatitis is a condition affecting the liver, but a diagnosis of hepatitis does not always mean a patient has contracted a Hepatitis virus. The presence of the virus determines if a patient has viral or non-viral hepatitis.
In pairs, discuss the questions
What kinds of hepatitis do you know?
What is non-viral hepatitis?
How many types of non-viral hepatitis do you know?
How many strains of viral hepatitis do you know?
What is the cause of viral hepatitis?
All forms of viral hepatitis are serious diseases, aren’t they?
Can B and C hepatitis viruses be transmitted through causal contact with an infected person or transmitted via the blood, sexual contact and the sharing of personal items with an infected person?
What are the symptoms of hepatitis?
What risk factors increase a person’ chances for contracting Hepatitis C?
Botkin's Disease
Botkin's disease, or the so-called epidemic or infectious hepatitis, is an acute viral disease affecting hepatic cells and bile ducts.
The prominent German scientist Virchow believing it to be due to obstruction of the common bile duct with mucus during inflammatory processes in the duodenum, the disease was called catarrhal jaundice.
But in 1880 the prominent Russian scientist S. Botkin having advanced the idea of an infectious origin of this disease, proved his suggestions by such facts as the involvement in this pathologic process not only of the liver but also of the nervous system, the kidneys, the enlargement of the spleen, etc.
But it was not before 1940 that the term "Botkin's disease" was introduced into medicine due to the efforts of the well-known Soviet physician M. Konchalovsky.
Botkin's disease occurs in epidemic form. This disease more commonly affects children, adults as well as elderly persons suffering from it frequently too.
Botkin's disease is known to be due to a filterable virus present in the blood, liver and found in stool and urine. The virus is infective only for man. As this virus cannot be seen under a usual microscope, it is revealed only by an electronic one. Being highly virulent virus survives in water, food, and on hands for days and weeks.
Say it in English
1. закупорка общего желчного протока; 2. благодаря усилиям; 3. а также пожилые люди; 4. клетки печени; 5. выживает в воде и пище; 6. увеличение селезенки; 7. острое вирусное заболевание; 8. воспалительный процесс
Quiz
A 40-year-old man presents to accident and emergency having returned from a holiday to India a week ago. He has subsequently been unwell with nausea and
reduced appetite. Over the past 2 days he has become jaundiced. On examination,
he is apyrexial and there is a palpable liver edge. Liver function tests reveal a raised
ALT, AST and bilirubin. A diagnosis of hepatitis A is suspected. What is the most appropriate treatment?
A. Intravenous hydrocortisone
B. Pegylated interferon alpha plus ribavirin
C. Conservative management
D. Acyclovir
E. Chloroquine
Intravenous hydrocortisone (A) is not a treatment for hepatitis A. Pegylated interferon alpha plus ribavirin (B) is a treatment for hepatitis C. Treatment of hepatitis A infection is with conservative management (C), using supportive measures where required. Hepatitis A usually has a selflimiting course and the majority of patients make a full recovery. A small minority of patients may develop fulminant hepatitis.Acyclovir (D) is a guanosine analogue antiviral drug, but it is not used in the treatment of hepatitis A. Chloroquine (E) is an anti-malarial.
Тема 6.7. Детские болезни. Корь / Measles
Level A
Sneezing –чихание
Coughing- кашель
Sign – признак, знак
Running nose – насморк
dislike – неприязнь
cover- покрывать
prevent - предотвращать
Spread – распространение
Hygiene – гигиена
Moist – влажный
We read / Мы читаем
Measles
Measles is a very infectious disease. The disease passes from one child to another. The first symptoms are: sneezing and coughing. The disease begins with sign s of a heavy cold, running nose and a dry cough. The temperature is high and the child has a dislike of the light. The rash appears on the third or fourth day behind the ears and around the mouth and then cover s the body. The nurse must be very careful to prevent the spread of infection. The nurse must take care of the hygiene of the mouth. The patient’s mouth and lips must be clean and moist.
Say it in English / Скажите это по-английски
Инфекционное заболевание, передаваться от, признаки сильной простуды, неприязнь к свету, сыпь появляется, предотвращать распространение инфекции, чистый.
What are the symptoms of measles? / Назовите симптомы кори.
Level B
Vocabulary
Measles - Корь
Contagious - заразный
Disease - заболевание
Mucus - слизь
Saliva - слюна
We learn the new words / Мы учим новые слова
Sneeze – чихание, чихать
surface - поверхность
Utensils – столовые приборы
widespread – распространяться
confirm - подтверждать
Itchy bumps- зудящие волдыри
Acetaminophen - ацетаминофен
humidifier - увлажнитель
Life-threatening complications –опасные осложнения
Miscarriage or preterm labor – выкидыш или преждевременные роды
Platelets - тромбоциты
MMR (measles rubeola and parotitis vaccine) - вакцина против кори, краснухи и паротита; тривакцина против кори, эпидемического паротита и коревой краснухи
Reading
Measles
Measles, or rubeola, is a viral infection of the respiratory system. Measles is a very contagious disease that can spread through contact with infected mucus and saliva. An infected person can release the infection into the air when they cough or sneeze.
The measles virus can live on surfaces for several hours. As the infected particles enter the air and settle on surfaces, anyone within close proximity can become infected.
Drinking from an infected person’s glass, or sharing eating utensilswith an infected person, increases your risk of infection
