2020-05-21
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● Hyperobject - refers to phenomena that are so large and so far beyond the human frame of reference that they are not susceptible to reason;
● Catfishin g - refers to people who construct false identities online and, whether out of boredom, loneliness or malice, lure other people into continued messaging correspondence, thereby building false relationships with them;
● Woke -the kind of alarm that makes you sit bolt upright. The goal is to go beyond feeling tolerated to being fully accepted and welcomed. (The term is used by those who are under discrimination based on an orientation or skin colour);
● The new weird - an emerging genre of speculative, ‘post-human’ writing that blurs genre boundaries and conventions, pushes humanity and human-centred reason from the centre to the margins, and generally poses questions that may not be answerable in any terms we can understand;
● Deletion - this word is likely to be bandied about much more frequently in the decades ahead, as social media users realise that the websites they are on are not merely neutral ‘platforms’ for ‘social interaction’ but more like a kind of flypaper to which people and all of their personal data stick. Moreover, these websites are specifically designed to be addictive;
● Autofiction -writing that merges autobiography and fiction, and freely transgresses other genre boundaries as well;
● Coping, hoping, doping, and shopping – shows thatour life options are gradually being reduced to a regime of coping (getting by, ‘gigging’), hoping (because we’re human and alive, and have no choice), doping (drugs, alcohol, gaming, social media), and shopping (relentless consumption);
● Gaslighting -inherent in this term is a struggle over the empirical nature of reality: are there solid truths, or is reality only a matter of perception?. In the present era, where potent advertising and PR forces are doing everything in their power to make truth irrelevant and directly hack our minds, and where politicians no longer seem to acknowledge the existence of facts, the word has sinister new applications.
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● Shadow banking - consists of any financial transactions carried out by institutions that don’t have a formal banking licence, in other words institutions that are not directly regulated or overseen by government bodies. Examples of these are credit card companies, insurance companies, PayPal, the institutions within banking that lend money back and forth between banks;
● Digital design ethics -referring to the ‘attention crisis’ – the fact that no one can take their eyes off their smartphones;
● Post - human- for our identities now extend into cyberspace in many ways, we no longer merely rely on our brain cells but now store much of our knowledge in technological clouds that function as extensions of our minds, and we live with the corresponding hardware in such intimacy (in the form of portable devices that are linked to our minds and even metabolisms in many ways) that it sometimes feels like we are only a few steps away from being ‘cyborgs’ in the true sense of the term;
● Masculinity -we used to think we knew what masculinity meant, but now it is going out of focus. A rapidly changing context is the cause. There was a time when you’d ask a man what masculinity was and his response would be something like ‘not feminine’ (pejorative) and ‘not queer’ (pejorative). Note all the negativity. These days it is increasingly a good thing to be a woman (new, broad definition) and to be queer (new, broad definition);
● Generation Why? -it applies to anyone born in the digital age. Facebook and its like are reductive: they cut us down to size and reprogramme us to suit their own ends, which are advertising and selling things – exploitation;
● Ghosting -the stark truth is that a person has been ‘ghosted’: no one has been returning his text messages and DMs and he is trapped in digital limbo, condemned forever to float around as a ghost emoji.
USA
✔ Chill can be an adjective to describe someone who's cool to spend time with or something that's fun to do. It can also mean to hang out, or be used as a directive to calm down;
✔ To be "extra" is to be unnecessarily dramatic and over the top;
✔ Unlike the British version of the term "fit," which means attractive, in the United States "fit" is just the shortened version of outfit.
✔ To "flex" is to knowingly flaunt and show off. As a noun, a flex is the thing being shown off.
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✔ GOAT is an acronym that stands for the "greatest of all time," with strong roots in American hip-hop;
✔ "Go off" can be used to encourage a choice, or to support a rant or ridiculous behavior that's already occurred, usually meant humorously;
✔ "Lewk" is a variation of "look," a signature physical trait, or a specially and carefully constructed outfit or appearance;
✔ "Lit" is an adjective to describe when something's amazing, exciting, high-energy, or otherwise great. It can also mean intoxicated or drunk;
✔ "Lowkey" is slightly, secretly, modestly, or discretely. It's the opposite of "highkey," for when you're sincerely or assertively into something;
✔ To be "salty" is to be annoyed, upset, or bitter, usually about something minor;
✔ To "slay" is to do really well or succeed at something.
✔ If someone's "shook," they're affected by something, usually negatively and emotionally. It can also mean shocked, surprised, or scared;
✔ "Stan" can be a noun for an overzealous and obsessive fan, or a verb meaning to be that kind of fan. Someone can be a "stan" of a celebrity, or used as a verb, they can "stan" them;
✔ "Szn" is a shortened version of the word season, often used to refer to periods of the astrological calendar;
✔ "Tea" is gossip, and "spilling the tea" is the act of gossiping;
✔ Someone is "thirsty" if they're overly eager and desperate, usually for attention, approval, or compliments;
✔ A "whip" is a car;
✔ Chillax – chill + relax
✔ Easy-breezy – simple, a style of clothes.
✔ Nomophobia – fear of not having a mobile phone with you;
✔ Whatevs – I don’t care;
✔ Sumfin – something;
UK&USA
⮚ ace: really good, exceptional.
⮚ anorak: very boring person, person who has no character.
⮚ ballistic: furious, extremely angry (as in "He'll go ballistic when he hears that")
⮚ bash, have a bash: (1) try to do something, (2) have a party.
⮚ blab: talk, give away secrets
⮚ blag: talk in persuasive language (blag in, blag out). (Do not confuse with brag, to boast)
⮚ blown away by: very impressed by.
⮚ brass: money.
⮚ brill: really good, brilliant.
⮚ bum abound: go round doing nothing.
⮚ chav: aggressive cultureless teenager or young person, with no social aspirations, and probably jobless.
⮚ chill out: stop being excited, become calm. (c.f. cool it.)
⮚ Chinese, go for a Chinese: have a take-away Chinese meal.
⮚ cool it: don't get excited, be more calm, calm down.
⮚ crack up: (1) disintegrate under pressure, (2) laugh uncontrollably.
⮚ crash (out): go to bed, go to sleep
⮚ cut it out: shut up, stop talking.
⮚ cut up (adjective): distressed, sad.
⮚ doss: sleep
⮚ dough: money
⮚ dude: person, man
⮚ easy, I'm easy; I don't mind, I have no preference one way or the other.
⮚ fazed: worried, disconcerted (and unfazed: cool, calm.)
⮚ flak, take the flak: criticism, blame, take the blame
⮚ flake out: collapse, be completely exhausted
⮚ grub: food.
⮚ gutted: very annoyed, very angry with oneself
⮚ hair, keep your hair on: stay calm, don't get alarmed
⮚ half a mo': wait a minute, hold it!
⮚ hell of a (adjectival expression): enormous, giant, big.
⮚ high, he's on a high: elated, in a very good mood.
⮚ hole in the wall: cash distributor, cash machine, ATM
⮚ hump, he's got the hump....: he's (very) angry with...
⮚ item: as in they're an item - a couple, people living together
⮚ kip: sleep
⮚ knackered: tired, exhausted
⮚ lager-lout: hooligan, young male who drinks too much cheap beer.
⮚ naf, naff: of poor quality, rubbish
⮚ pad: the place you live in.
⮚ plastic: plastic bank card, Visa card etc.
⮚ psyched up: tense, anxious
⮚ rat, to rat on someone: to give information about someone.
⮚ sack, hit the: go to bed.
⮚ sarnie: sandwich.
⮚ screenager: person who spends their time looking at their computer, iPad, mobile phone or TV - neologism based on the words screen and teenager, though applicable to all ages.
⮚ shack up with: live with.
⮚ skint: as in I'm skint: I don't have any money
⮚ skive: avoid work, avoid going to work.
⮚ slog, a hard s.: something very difficult.
⮚ strapped: short of money.
⮚ suss out: work out, find the solution
⮚ tick: a very short period of time, as in " Wait a tick! "
Canada
American Versus British Words
British and American English have developed distinct vocabularies for many aspects of modern life, especially in such semantic domains as clothing, food and transportation. In general, Canadians follow the American model in these cases:
Like Americans, they say apartment rather than flat,
– diaper rather than nappy,
– elevator rather than lift,
– flashlight rather than torch,
– freight car rather than goods wagon,
– fries rather than chips (Canadian chips are what the British call crisps),
– pants rather than trousers,
– sweater rather than jumper,
– truck rather than lorry,
– wrench rather than spanner.
Canadian cars, like American, have hoods, fenders, mufflers, trunks, turn signals and windshields — not bonnets, wings, silencers, boots, indicators and windscreens — and drive on gas from gas stations, not petrol from filling stations or petrol stations.
In a few cases, however, most Canadians prefer British words:
– bill rather than check for the tally of charges in a restaurant;
– cutlery rather than silverware for knives, forks and spoons;
– icing rather than frosting for the top layer of a cake;
– icing sugar rather than powdered sugar for the finely ground sugar sprinkled on desserts;
– tap rather than faucet for the device that controls the flow of water into a sink;
– zed rather than zee for the last letter of the alphabet.
Canadians also display a small set of their own unique vocabulary, which can be called Canadianisms.
Canadians use Australian words like boomerang, didgeridoo, kangaroo and koala; these words are part of World English, not of Canadian or Australian English exclusively.
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There is only one type of words, where Canadians use their own word for something that has other names in other dialects, is a true Canadianism in the linguistic sense.
Some examples include the following:
A small apartment without a separate bedroom is a bachelor in Canada but a studio in the US and Britain;
A machine that performs banking services is a bank machine in Canada but an ATM in the US and a cash dispenser in Britain;
The structures along the edge of a roof for collecting rainwater are eavestroughs in much of Canada but gutters in the US and Britain;
The years of school are grade one, grade two, etc., in Canada but first grade, etc., in the US and year one, etc., in Britain;
Pencils used for colouring are usually pencil crayons in Canada but colored pencils in the US and colouring pencils in Britain;
Orange cones used to manage traffic during road repairs are pylons in Canada but traffic cones in the US and Britain;
A tight-fitting woolen winter hat is a toque in Canada but a beanie in the US and Britain;
A public toilet is a washroom in Canada but a restroom in the US and a lavatory or loo in Britain.
The best-known example is chesterfield, which used to be the standard Canadian term for what is called a couch in the US and a sofa or settee in Britain;
Today, while some older Canadians continue to use chesterfield, most younger Canadians say couch.
The following colloquial expressions are also in use:
1. It’s a small world – used when we want to say that a surprising coincidence has occurred. It’s used particularly when two people meet unexpectedly, or have a mutual friend or connection.
Examples:
· Your brother works in the same office as my girlfriend! It’s a small world!
· I can’t believe you went to the same high school as me! What a small world!
2. Couch surfing – describes temporarily staying at different people’s homes for free because you haven’t got your own home to stay in.
Examples:
· Since I left university, I haven’t been able to find a job so I’ve been couch surfing at my friends' to try and save money.
· I’ve been couch surfing around the world. It’s a great way to meet other people and it makes travelling affordable.
· I’ve had an argument with my girlfriend, so I’m moving out. Do you mind if I couch surf with you guys for a few weeks? Please!
Couch surfing can sometimes mean just lying on the sofa watching TV or browsing the internet on your laptop.
3. Like riding a bike – used when we want to say that once you learn how to do something, you never forget it.
Examples:
· Though it’s been a while since I made a video, I managed to do it easily – it was like riding a bike.
· I used to do a lot of baking with my mother as a child, and recently I’ve got back in to it. It’s like riding a bike really.
· I know it’s been a long time since you’ve done any knitting, but honestly, it’s like riding a bike.
4. Clever clogs – used to describe someone who is annoying because they think they know more than everyone else, or they always think they’re right.
Examples:
· My brother’s such a clever clogs. He always comes first in the pub quiz.
· We got lost in the city because Neil, being such a clever clogs, insisted he knew the right way to go. He didn’t!
5. Laughing all the way to the bank – means to make lots of money very easily.
Examples:
· We'll be laughing all the way to the bank if this deal works out.
· The florist laughed all the way to the bank when she signed a deal to supply all the hotels in the chain with flowers.
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6. Dead – native English-speakers, particularly people in the north of England, often use it before an adjective to emphasise what they are saying (a way to say ‘very’)
Examples:
· Is it lunch time yet? I’m dead hungry!
· The man sat next to me on the train this morning kept falling asleep on my shoulder – it was dead annoying!
· I was dead happy when I passed my driving test!
· How was the film? It was dead good.
7. The joke is on sb – If you say that the joke is on a particular person, you mean that that person has tried to make someone else look silly but has made himself or herself look silly instead.
Examples:
· Ha, you thought I'd never beat your time for completing the marathon. But I have, so the joke's on you!
· I know you were trying to be funny by saying I'd never pass my exam. But now you're the only one who hasn't, so the joke's on you, I'm afraid!
8. To be all downhill – to be much easier
Examples:
· Once we get the preparation done, it'll be downhill all the way.
· Once I've completed this final assignment, it'll be all downhill until I get my qualification.
It can also mean to get worse, to be less successful:
Example:
· The film's opening scene was amazing, but it was all downhill after that - there was no story and the acting was appalling!
9. Miffed – to feel frustrated or annoyed, usually because of the behaviour of other people
Examples:
· She hadn't called for a week and I was getting miffed.
· You know what? I’ve been working really late all week to finish this proposal, but my boss hasn’t said a word of thanks. Yeah, you could say I’m pretty miffed.
10. A necessary evil – something unpleasant that must be accepted in order to achieve a particular result
Examples:
· For me, exams are a necessary evil – you have to do them to get a place at university.
· Sitting in traffic for hours is a necessary evil if I want to drive to the seaside on a public holiday!
· I hate running, but having to exercise is a necessary evil if I want to stay fit and healthy.
11. Buzzkill – something that or someone who spoils an otherwise enjoyable event.
Examples:
· My holiday was amazing, but on the way back my plane was delayed for over six hours. That was a major buzzkill!
· Jim was excited to move into his new apartment. But it was a huge buzzkill when he discovered mice in the bedroom.
· I scored three goals last week but then got a really nasty injury in the last minute. The doctor said I can’t play for two months now. Bit of a buzzkill!
12. Across – sometimes it indicates that you know all the important things about the subject. So, it means “to be familiar with”
Example:
· Are you across the plan for tonight's event? (If you’re across a plan, you're familiar with it. You know what you need to know about it.)
13. Skew-whiff – sloping instead of straight, or wrongly positioned. We can also use skew-whiff to describe things that don’t go according to plan.
Examples:
· This table is skew-whiff. One of the legs must be too short.
· I wanted to spend the whole weekend working on my dissertation, but everything went a bit skew-whiff when my friend arrived in the afternoon.
14. Catch-22 – an impossible situation where you are prevented from doing one thing until you have done another thing that you cannot do until you have done the first thing. It comes from the title of a book - Catch-22, written by Joseph Heller in 1961 which describes bureaucratic constraints on soldiers in World War II.
Examples:
· I need my parent's car, but my mum says I need permission from my dad, then my dad says I need permission from my mum. I can't get permission from either. So I'm in a catch-22 situation.
· To apply for a short-term student visa to study English in the UK, you have to be able to speak some English but you want to come to England to learn English! It's catch-22 for many potential students.
15. Smombie – a person who walks around with their head bowed down, writing messages or playing games on their phone and not paying any attention to the world around them
Examples:
· I'm too terrified to drive past the college these days. You never know when a smombie's going step into the road in front of the car!
· I was knocked flying the other day by a smombie as I was trying to get a bus. I don't even think she knew she'd bumped into me!
16. Happy-go-lucky – a person who does not plan much and accepts what happens without becoming worried
Examples:
· My sister is happy-go-lucky: she doesn't worry about a thing, not even exams!
· She is the most happy-go-lucky person I've ever met.
17. FOMO – fear of missing out – describes a feeling you might have when you feel other people are doing something fun, when you are not.
Examples:
· All my friends are going on holiday together but I can't afford it so I've got FOMO.
· There's a message on Facebook that all the tickets to that gig are sold out – now I have a feeling of FOMO!
18. Donkey’s years – a very long time
Examples:
· I'm so bored; I've been doing this job for donkey's years!
· I haven't driven a car for donkey's years; I hope I can remember what to do.
19. Fuddy-duddy – that's an informal phrase to describe someone who is boring, dull and has old-fashioned attitudes.
Examples:
· Ling thinks I’m an old fuddy-duddy because I don’t drive a flashy sports car.
· The bank has lost many customers over the years, probably due to its fuddy-duddy image.
20. Rolling in it (or in money) – to be extremely rich
Examples:
· If they can afford a yacht, they must be rolling in it.
· Carlos is always moaning about lack of money but his parents are rolling in it, so he should just ask them for some.
21. Until you’re blue in the face – used for saying that there is no use in trying to persuade someone to do something because you will not succeed.
Examples:
· I've told him to get here on time until I'm blue in the face but still he continues to arrive late.
· He told her not to break the speed limit on the motorway until he was blue in the face but she still did it and guess what? She got a speeding ticket!
22. A recipe for disaster – If you say that something is a recipe for disaster, you mean that it is very likely to have unpleasant consequences.
Examples:
· I'm not looking forward to the party. Having my wife and ex-girlfriend in the same room will be a recipe for disaster!
· Watch out on the road tonight – all that rain followed by freezing temperatures is a recipe for disaster.
23. To keep the wolf from the door – if you keep the wolf from the door, you just have enough money to survive.
Examples:
· She can barely keep the wolf from the door with the help of such a small shop in town.
· I'm going to have to sell my car if I'm to keep the wolf from the door.
24. A barrel of laughs – a source of fun or amusement.
Examples:
· I shall miss having John in the office. He was a such a barrel of laughs.
· What a barrel of laughs that bus driver was. He made the long journey much more fun with his funny announcements!
25. Burn a hole in your pocket – If money is burning a hole in your pocket, you are very eager to spend it.
Example:
· I have a bad habit of spending my money as soon as I get it. Money burns a hole in my pocket.
26. Barefaced – not showing any shame about, or trying to hide, your bad behavior.
Example:
· The company's claim that profits had jumped by ten per cent was obviously a barefaced lie.
27. Shedload – a large amount of something
Examples:
· They spent shedloads of money on that car.
· We don't need to go out for dinner tonight; we've got a shedload of food in the fridge!
· I can't go anywhere. I've got shedloads to do today.
28. Close, but no cigar – used to say that someone almost succeeded, but is not completely successful or correct.
Examples:
· It was close but no cigar for Johnny as he came second once again.
· Five of my numbers came up in the lottery. Close, but no cigar.
29. Photobomb – to appear behind or in front of someone when their photograph is being taken, usually doing something silly as a joke
Examples:
· Oh no! My graduation photo has been totally ruined by a photobomber! Look
· We were photobombed by a guy dressed in a gorilla suit.
30. Clickbait – (on the Internet) content whose main purpose is to attract attention and encourage visitors to click on a link to a particular web page.
Examples:
· I can never read a long article online. I'm so distracted by the clickbait I always end up on some other site.
· I used to love social media but now it's just full of adverts and clickbait. Rubbish!
Australia
Australian Englishis a major variety of the English language spoken throughout Australia. Most of the vocabulary of Australian English is shared with British English, though there are notable differences. The vocabulary of Australia is drawn from many sources, including various dialects of British English as well as Gaelic languages, some Indigenous Australian languages, and Polynesian languages.
Words of Australian origin:
A battler is a person with few natural advantages, who works doggedly and with little reward, who struggles for a livelihood and who displays courage. The first citation for this comes from Henry Lawson in While the Billy Boils (1896): "I sat on him pretty hard for his pretensions, and paid him out for all the patronage he'd worked off on me... and told him never to pretend to me again he was a battler ".
Bludger – A person who avoids working, or doing their share of work, a loafer, scrounger, a hanger-on, one who does not pull his weight. Originally, a pimp.
A bogan is an Australian term for describing someone who may be a yobbo (redneck). The major difference between the two is that yobbo tends to be used as a noun, whereas bogan can also be used adjectivally to describe objects pertaining to people who are bogans
Big Smoke – any big city like Melbourne or Sydney.[6][7] (This is not exclusively Australian; see Big Smoke disambiguation page.)
A digger is an Australian soldier.An earlier Australian sense of digger was "a miner digging for gold".
Dinkum or fair dinkum means "true","the truth", "speaking the truth","authentic" and related meanings, depending on context and inflection.
Jackaroo is a type of agricultural worker.
Nasho (plural nashos) is a term meaning a person from the National Services, mandatory military service in Australia.
Outback means a "remote, sparsely-populated area".
Words of Australian Aboriginal origin
Some examples are cooee and yakka.
The former is a high-pitched call which travels long distances and is used to attract attention, which has been derived from Dharug, an Aboriginal language spoken in the Sydney region.
Cooee has also become a notional distance: if he's within cooee, we'll spot him.
Yakka means work, strenuous labour, and comes from ' yaga' meaning 'work' in the Yagara indigenous language of the Brisbane region.
Boomerang is an Australian word which has moved into International English. It was also borrowed from Dharug.
Didgeridoo is a wind instrument that was originally found only in Arnhem Land in northern Australia. It is a long, wooden, tubular instrument that produces a low-pitched, resonant sound with complex, rhythmic patterns but little tonal variation.
Words of British, Irish or American origin
Many such words, phrases or usages originated with British and Irish settlers to Australia from the 1780s until the present.
For example: a creek in Australia (as in North America), is any "stream or small river", whereas in England it is a small watercourse flowing into the sea;
Paddock is the Australian word for "field", while in England it is a small enclosure for livestock.
Bush (as in North America) or scrub means "wooded areas" or "country areas in general" in Australia, while in England they are commonly used only in proper names (such as Shepherd's Bush and Wormwood Scrubs).
Australian English and several British English dialects (e.g., Cockney, Scouse, Geordie) use the word mate to mean a friend, rather than the conventional meaning of "a spouse ", although this usage has also become common in some other varieties of English.
Sheila — Australian slang for "woman"
Amber is generic term for any beer (lager/stout/ale) in general, but especially cold and on-tap.
New Zealand
Like other national and regional forms of English, the New Zealand variety is most distinctive in its oral rather than in its written and printed realisations.
New Zealanders, just as Australians, South Africans and so on, are recognised above all by their speech, by features of accent inevitably present in every spoken New Zealand utterance.
New Zealand English has a number of dialectal words and phrases. These are mostly informal terms that are more common in casual speech. Numerous loanwords have been taken from the Māori language or from Australian English.
The word spud for potato, now common throughout the English-speaking world, is first recorded in New Zealand English.
As with Australian English, but in contrast to most other forms of the language, some speakers of New Zealand English use both the terms bath and bathe as verbs,
with bath used as a transitive verb (e.g. I will bath the dog), and bathe used as an intransitive verb (e.g. Did you bathe?).
Both the words amongst and among are used, as in British English. The same is true for two other pairs, whilst and while and amidst and amid.
Australian English influences:
New Zealand English terms of Australian origin include bushed (lost or bewildered), chunder (to vomit),
drongo (a foolish or stupid person),
fossick (to search),
jumbuck (sheep, from Australian pidgin),
larrikin (mischievous person),
Maccas (slang for McDonald's food),
maimai (a duckshooter's hide; originally a makeshift shelter, from aboriginal mia-mia),
paddock (field, or meadow),
pom or pommy (an Englishman),
skite (verb: to boast),
station (for a very large farm),
wowser (non-drinker of alcohol, or killjoy),a
ute (pickup truck).
In addition to word and phrase borrowings from Australian, New Zealand has its own unique words and phrases. Not considering slang, some of these New Zealandisms are:
bach (noun) – cheaply-built and basic holiday home; located at beaches throughout the country
cheerio (noun) – a small cocktail sausage, about 5 centimetres (2.0 in) long, dyed red and made of mixed processed meats
choice! (interj) – one-word rejoinder expressing satisfaction
chur (interj) – many uses, the most common being a form of greeting, or a contraction of "cheers" most commonly heard in "chur, bro". It is also used as an alternative to "good on you"
crib (noun) – similar to bach (above)
dairy (noun) – corner shop; convenience store
dunny (noun) – toilet
fang it (phrase) – to go fast.
Good as gold (phrase) – All is well (found in other forms of English as well)
handle (noun) – the 'pint' (actually 425 – 500 mL) glass of beer with a handle, as sold in pubs
hardout/hard – used to show agreement or used to show emphasis/intensity. Examples: Agreement: "Yeah hard/hardout". "He was running hardout."
hokey pokey (noun) – the New Zealand term for honeycomb toffee; also a flavour of ice cream consisting of plain vanilla ice cream with small, solid lumps of honeycomb toffee.
jandals (noun) – the NZ term for flip-flops. Originally a trademarked name derived from "Japanese sandals".
Kiwi (adj) – Not only does Kiwi mean 'a New Zealand person', but it is sometimes used to replace the word New Zealand in NZ businesses or titles, such as KiwiRail, Kiwibank and KiwiBuild, or New Zealand-related nouns, e.g. "Kiwi-ism". It is also used to address something that is particularly related to New Zealand, e.g. "that house is pretty kiwi"
pooped (adj) – tired, exhausted (found in other forms of English as well)
puckerood (adj) – broken; busted; wrecked
rattle your dags! (phrase) – hurry up! Dags are faeces stuck to the wool of a sheep, which rattle if dry
scull (verb) – to drink a glass or handle (see above) of beer in one go
Video materials:
1) British vs American
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hS2fdP1bNV0&feature=youtu.be
2) British vs American vs Australian
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdow47FQRfQ&feature=youtu.be
3) British vs Canadian
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjOVeESuFJg&feature=youtu.be
Tasks.
1. Put each of the missing words and phrases in the following sentences:
a. She hadn't called for a week and I was getting ….....
b. I hate running, but having to exercise is a ……. if I want to stay fit and healthy.
c. We'll be ……. if this deal works out.
d. Though it’s been a while since I made a video, I managed to do it easily – it was …….
e. I can’t believe you went to the same high school as me! …….
f. I'm so bored; I've been doing this job for …….!
g. I need my parent's car, but my mum says I need permission from my dad, then my dad says I need permission from my mum. I can't get permission from either. So I'm in a ……. situation.
h. This table is …….. One of the legs must be too short.
i. You can tell her to clean her room ………, but she won't do it.
Crossword
DOWN
2.not showing any shame about, or trying to hide, your bad behavior
4. To be all ……. means to be much easier
5. Happy-go-……. – a person who does not plan much and accepts what happens without becoming worried
8. to appear behind or in front of someone when their photograph is being taken, usually doing something silly as a joke
ACROSS
1. (on the Internet) content whose main purpose is to attract attention and encourage visitors to click on a link to a particular web page
3.native English-speakers, particularly people in the north of England, often use it before an adjective to emphasize what they are saying
6. a person who walks around with their head bowed down, writing messages or playing games on their phone and not paying any attention to the world around them
7. something that or someone who spoils an otherwise enjoyable event
9. If you say that something is a recipe for ………, you mean that it is very likely to have unpleasant consequences.
10. a large amount
3. Match the phrases with their meanings
1) Couch surfing
2) Across
3) FOMO - fear of missing out
4) Rolling in it (or in money)
5) To keep the wolf from the door
6) A barrel of laughs
7) Burn a hole in your pocket
8) Close, but no cigar
9) Fuddy-duddy
a. describes a feeling you might have when you feel other people are doing something fun, when you are not.
b. describes temporarily staying at different people’s homes for free because you haven’t got your own home to stay in.
c. to be extremely rich
d. To cause someone to be tempted to spend money
e. sometimes it indicates that you know all the important things about the subject. So, it means “to be familiar with”
f. a source of fun or amusement
g. that's an informal phrase to describe someone who is boring, dull and has old-fashioned attitudes.
h. to have just enough money to be able to eat and live
i. used to say that someone almost succeeded, but is not completely successful or correct.
4. Carefully study the meanings of the recently appeared words in English. Match the phrases with their meanings.
1. Hyperobject 2. Ghosting 3. Masculinity 4. Generation Why? 5. Digital design ethics 6. Catfishing 7. Shadow banking 8. Post-human 9. Coping, hoping, doping, and shopping 10. Gaslighting 11. Autofiction 12. Deletion 13. Woke 14. The new weird
- a) refers to phenomena that are so large and so far beyond the human frame of reference that they are not susceptible to reason;
- b) refers to people who construct false identities online and, whether out of boredom, loneliness or malice, lure other people into continued messaging correspondence, thereby building false relationships with them;
- c) the kind of alarm that makes you sit bolt upright. The goal is to go beyond feeling tolerated to being fully accepted and welcomed;
- d) users realise that the websites they are on are not merely neutral ‘platforms’ for ‘social interaction’ but more like a kind of flypaper to which people and all of their personal data stick. Moreover, these websites are specifically designed to be addictive;
- f) an emerging genre of speculative, ‘post-human’ writing that blurs genre boundaries and conventions;
- g) shows that our life options are gradually being reduced to a special kind of “routine”;
- h) inherent in this term is a struggle over the empirical nature of reality: are there solid truths, or is reality only a matter of perception?;
- i) writing that merges autobiography and fiction, and freely transgresses other genre boundaries as well;
- j) consists of any financial transactions carried out by institutions that don’t have a formal banking licence;
- k) referring to the ‘attention crisis’ – the fact that no one can take their eyes off their smartphones;
- l) A rapidly changing context is the cause. These days it is increasingly a good thing to be a woman (new, broad definition) and to be queer (new, broad definition);
- m) for our identities now extend into cyberspace in many ways, we no longer merely rely on our brain cells but now store much of our knowledge in technological clouds that function as extensions of our minds;
- n) it applies to anyone born in the digital age. Facebook and its like are reductive: they cut us down to size and reprogramme us to suit their own ends, which are advertising and selling things – exploitation;
- o) the stark truth is that a person has been ‘ghosted’: no one has been returning his text messages and DMs and he is trapped in digital limbo, condemned forever to float around as a ghost emoji.
5. Read the situations and think of the best word to fill in the gaps.
1) They will go to a cafe to relax. It means that they will (…)
2) They are talking behind her back. They are (…)
3) He says he will succeed at this project. It means that he will (…) it.
4) This party is really cool! It is definitely (…)
5) He posted the photos of his new cars so everyone could see it! He (…) all the time!
6) She came to the office in a t-shirt and that ripped jeans. She’s so (…)!
7) Did you choose this dress to wear at the party? Don’t hesitate then, (…) and put it on!
8) They are overly eager and desperate for attention and compliments. It means that they are (…)
9) She’s stressed every time when she hasn’t the phone with her. I think she has this disease called (…)
10) He is annoyed about something minor. That means that he’s (…)
6. Insert the missing letters.
An_ra_ (a person who has no character), b_ll_sti_ (furious), g_t_ed (very annoyed), k_ac_er_d (tired), sa_n_e (sandwich), s_re_nager (person who spends their time looking at their computer), s_iv_ (avoid work), s_rap_ed (short of money), f_ze_ (worried), d_u_h (money), cut it _ut (stop talking), cut _p ((adjective): distressed), d_s_ (sleep).
7. Write the meanings of the words below.
GOAT -?
Lewk -?
Szn -?
Whip -?
Easy-breezy -?
Whatevs -?
Sumfin -?
To blab -?
Ace -?
Brill -?
To go for a Chinese -?
Grub -?
Kip -?
Plastic -?
Crosswords
8. Words of Australian origin
1.A remote, sparsely-populated area
2.A type of agricultural worker
3.Any big city like Melbourne or Sydney.
4.Means "true","the truth"
5.A person who avoids working, or doing their share of work, a loafer, scrounger, a hanger-on, one who does not pull his weight
6. an Australian term for describing someone who may be a yobbo (redneck)
7.a term meaning a person from the National Services
8.an Australian soldier
9. New Zealand English terms of Australian origin
1.to search
2.slang for McDonald's food
3.a foolish or stupid person
4.for a very large farm
5.field, or meadow
6.verb: to boast
7.sheep, from Australian pidgin
8.to vomit
9.non-drinker of alcohol, or killjoy
10.mischievous person
11.an Englishman
12.a duckshooter's hide; originally a makeshift shelter, from aboriginal mia-mia
13.pickup truck
10. English is one of Canada’s two official languages. But in American English Canadians follow the American model in these cases: Like Americans, they say....
1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ rather than flat (9 letters)
2. _ _ _ _ _ _ rather than nappy (6 letters)
3. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ rather than lift (8 letters)
4. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ rather than torch (10 letters)
5. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ rather than goods wagon (7 and 3 letters)
6. _ _ _ _ _ rather than chips (5 letters)
7. _ _ _ _ _ rather than trousers (5 letters)
8. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ rather than jumper (7 letters)
MODULE 4: Art
