2020-06-12
363
1.The intense heat is … by the arc.
2. The electric arc is the best … of the heat energy.
3. The arc is able to melt … metals.
4. Sometimes the arc is … between the two non-consumable electrodes.
5. There are two types of current … and …
6. The depth of fusion is named ….
7. The electrode … is used for holding an electrode.
8. When the electrode is in contact with the work, the … is completed.
9. The electric current and polarity, both … and … are an important factor in producing high quality welds.
10. The... cables connect the … metal with a … of energy.
11. The … electrode is a conductor and at the same time a … metal.
12. Intense heating … in melting the base metal and the electrode.
| Penetration, Circuit, Ground, To be created, Filler, To result (in), Alternating,Source, To be produced, Reverse, Holder, Straight, Direct, Base, Refractory, Consumable, Quality Property |
3. Прочтите интернациональные слова, дайте их русские названия:
Metal, mechanical, pressure, process, intense, electric, energy, transform, temperature, concentration, industrial, zone, base, electrode, stability, factor, type, polarity, generator, special, transformer, voltage, amperage, reduce, crater, inspect, regular, cable, form, compensate, portion, contact, distance, absorb, ultraviolet, component, gas, ionize, discuss, proportion.
| Информация: Слово “number” может означать: 1. количество, ряд, номер To must a weld it is necessary to perform a number of operations. Чтобы выполнить шов, необходимо повести ряд операций. You must know the number and type electrodes, for example, the number 2 VW-type electrodes. Вы должны знать номер и топ электрода, например, “электроды №2 типа VW”. |
4. Переведите предложения письменно:
1. There are a number of factories producing welding equipment for welding industry.
2. A great number of alloys have been developed for commercial application.
3. The welding operator experimented with the two numbers of electrodes: Contact 15 and Contact 18 electrodes.
4. The number of operations given in the instruction are: 1,2,5,11. it is necessary not only to follow this order but to consider a number of other factors.
|
|
|
5. Прочтите и переведите отрывки. В каких из них рассказывается о сварке:
a. The next problem is the electrode holder. This should be mechanically strong, light in weight and hold the electrode firmly in position during welding, but allow easy removal and replacement of an electrode. It must not be too not. The connection from the electrode holder to machine is made by cable.
b. This is one of the most important lessons in the course and you must repeat all the operations until the student who is operating is able to tell the student who works as an inspector what he is doing. After this has been done, and it will take some time to do it, then the students are to change place and repeat their operations.
c. Increased use of the hydraulic press in stamping plants has been seen during the past five years. Its flexibility as to length of stroke as well as controlled speed of stroke, make it particularly valuable to the job stamping shop. Today, hydraulic presses designed for both short and long strokes are of capacities up to 5.000 tons and more.
d. Be careful that you do not move the electrode too fast so that the deposited metal. Continue this operation until you are able to create the arc every time and stop it, and create again and maintain it in any position.
6. Переведите предложения:
1. Do not play with the arc.
2. Strike an arc and maintain it for some minutes.
3. Inspect the penetration and the appearance of the weld.
4. Hold the electrode in a vertical position.
5. Feed the electrode into the zone of welding.
6. Practice starting the arc and holding it.
7. Never look at the arc without using a special shield.
8. Do not stop training until you are able to start, maintain and stop the arc at any time and place you wish.
7. Прочтите, переведите отрывок и скажите, о чём говориться в повелительных предложениях-инструкциях. Напишите 10 примеров предложений в повелительном наклонении.
Be careful that you do not move the electrode too fast so that the deposited metal. Continue this operation until you are able to create the arc every time and stop it, and create again and maintain it in any position.
Be careful …
Continue …
|
|
|
8. Переведите с русского на английский. Какой вид сварки изображен на рисунке?
| Информация: В тексте встречаются слова и словосочетания, образованные от глагола “mean” а) to mean – означать, значить ‘DC’ means direct current. a means – способ, средство The inert gas is a good means for protection the arc from the atmosphere. c) by means of – посредством чего-либо The carbon electrode was held by means of a special holder. |
9. Переведите предложения
1. This means that the current coming to the transformer is 220 V.
2. By means of electric arc, the great amount of electrical energy is transformed into heat energy.
3. An increase of current means deeper penetration and even burn though.
4. The other means such as heating, melting and fusing may be used.
5. Metals to be welded were heated and melted by means of the electric arc.
6. This, of source, means higher welding current.
7. In many cases, this does not mean application of special technique.
8. Modern means of welding inspection include ultrasonic, X-rays, and other techniques.
9. The heating of the surface is provided by means of the electric arc and by other means.
10. Подберите к английским глаголам соответствующие эквиваленты. Запишите полученные пары в тетрадь:
| 1. melt 2. join 3. fuse 4. create 5. strike 6. provide 7. flow 8. hold 9. connect 10. maintain 11. deposit 12. result (in) 13. increase 14. depend 15. penetrate 16. mean 17. ground 18. circuit 19. alternating 20. source | 1. держать 2. поддерживать 3. переменный 4. подсоединять 5. заземлять 6. наплавлять 7. плавиться 8. источник 9. создавать 10. увеличивать 11. цепь 12. приводить к чему-либо 13. протекать, течь 14. зависеть 15. проворачивать 16. обеспечивать 17. зажигать 18. сплавлять, расплавлять 19. значить, означать 20. канавка, разделка |
12. Прочтите и переведите группы слов, подобрав соответствующие эквиваленты к подчеркнутым словам:
| 1. welded joint 2. melting point 3. clean surface 4. edge of a work 5. source of current 6. refractory metal 7. straight polarity 8. alternating current 9. a.c. transformer 10. electrode holder 11. welding technique 12. molten pool 13. filler metal 14. consumable electrode 15. ground cable 16. welding circuit 17. good fusion | 1. прямая (полярность) 2. трансформатор 3. технология 4. присадочный 5. соединение 6. сплавление 7. кромка 8. переменный 9. лунка, ванночка 10. заземление 11. поверхность 12. плавящийся 13. тугоплавкий 14. цепь 15. источник 16. неплавящийся |
13. Найдите предложения с независимым причастным оборотом и переведите их письменно:
1. Sometimes, ferrous metals are joined by copper electrodes, no flux being applied.
2. After having been welded, the welds were inspected, the results being studied by the welding operators and inspectors.
3. The welding current is produced by special welding generators increasing or reducing the current.
4. Tungsten being a refractory metal, we use it in tungsten-arc welding.
5. The electrodes developed for this technique are called contact electrodes, there being two types: Contact 15 and Contact 18 electrodes.
6. The Contact 18 electrodes give better results because the coating material produces a gas shield around the arc, the welding process being done in this shielding gas atmosphere.
7. When using electrode a very short arc must be maintained to fuse the edges of the joint.
8. The wire used in producing this type of electrodes varies from the other types, the difference being in the electrode coating.
14. Прочтите отрывки и ответьте по-русски на вопросы, поставленные к каждому отрывку.
А. Какие меры предосторожности необходимо предпринять, чтобы избежать ожога лица и глаз при работе с дугой?
It is evident the arc is very hot. It is necessary that proper protection be used. For eye and face protection a special glass is used. It is very important that this glass be used at all times when looking at the arc. Never look at the arc without using a protective glass to shield eyes. Direct exposure of a “flash” will result in a very painful burning of the eyes. Aspirin will help you to relieve pain and headacke.
Before to begin welding you must ask your assistant not to look at the arc without using a protective glass or goggles.
B. 1. Где следует выполнять сварочные работы?
2. Как избежать вредного воздействия дыма и газов при сварке?
3. Где особо необходима вентиляция?
When working in the shop you must perform welding in separate rooms or cabins in order to eliminate the danger of burning eyes from reflected or direct rays of the arc to other workers.
All gas and arc welding operations result in a smoke and atmospheric contamination. Under normal working conditions the smoke from most arc welding operations in large open shops is not dangerous.
But artificial ventilation should be installed to carry off smoke into the open air and to provide good visibility and clean air when welding in small shops, rooms and cabins.
Ventilation is especially necessary if such metals as copper, zink or lead are to be melted.
15. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:
| 1. spot welding | a. дуговая сварка |
| 2. hammer welding | b. горючий газ |
| 3. workpiece | c. соединять |
| 4. arc welding | d. пламя |
| 5. butt welding | e. газовая сварка |
| 6. to create | f. плавиться |
| 7. combustible gas | g. электрическая контактная сварка |
| 8. thermit welding | h. создавать |
| 9. to join | i. сварка плавлением |
| 10. gas welding | j. кузнечная сварка |
| 11. fusion welding | к. точечная сварка |
| 12. fusion state | l. стыковая сварка |
| 13. flame | m. термитная сварка |
| 14. electric resistance welding | n. расплавленное состояние |
| 15. to melt | о. деталь |
16. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:
|
|
|
| Questions | Answers |
| 1. What kind of process is welding? | a. It is a process when two workpieces are melted by an electric arc. |
| 2. How are welding processes classified? | b. According to the source of energy, the metals and the state of the metal at the place of welding. |
| 3. What is hammer welding? | c. It is a process in which two heated metal parts are joined and fused together by force from a power hammer. |
| 4. What is arc welding? | d. It is a process consisting of a chemical reaction. |
| 5. What is thermit welding? | e. It is a process of joining together metallic parts by heating the place of contact to the fusion state. |
