2020-06-29
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PROJECTS AND SOLUTIONS
Теоретическая часть
Данный лексический материал предназначен для знакомства и овладения специальными терминами, активному использованию предлагаемых слов и словосочетаний, подготовки к чтению, переводу и обсуждению текстов официально-делового стиля.
aim цель
budget бюджет
deadline срок исполнения
labour труд
materials материалы
project проект
project manager руководитель проекта
research исследования
schedule график
stage этап
Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
Project analysis
The importance of managing projects well
George Stephenson built a railway from Liverpool to Manchester in the 1820s. It was 45 per cent over budget and there were a lot of delays. Today, it is still difficult to manage big projects. The construction of Wembley Stadium, the home of English soccer, was £750m ($1.4 billion) over budget and the project finished late.
Smaller projects can also have problems. Research shows that IT projects often have problems with budgets and deadlines. In 2004, the cost of IT projects was usually 56 per cent more than the budget, and most projects took 84 per cent more time than planned.
Some projects fail because the work takes longer than planned. Sometimes the cost of labour or materials is more than the agreed budget. But good project management can increase a company's profits. A big German company decided to improve its project management, and the result was that it added one billion euros per year to its profits.
Project management isn't a new science. It has an international association, the Project Management Institute (PMI), based in Pennsylvania, USA. The PMI sets professional exams that thousands of people take every year. It has 150,000 members in 150 countries. All of the members are specialists in managing projects.
So, it is possible for big projects to succeed. The Saudi-Aramco Haradh gas pipeline is one example. The $2 billion project finished six months early and 27 per cent under budget. The project manager and the client were both very happy.
Задание 2. Отметьте галочкой упомянутые в тексте проекты:
□ retail □ construction □ electronics □ IT □ education
Задание 3. Перечитайте текст “Project analysis” и определите, являются ли данные ниже утверждения истинными (true) или ложными (false):
1 George Stephenson's project finished on time. false
2 Many big projects have problems.
3 IT don't have problems with deadlines.
4 IT projects are often more than 50 per cent over budget.
5 Some projects fail because they are late or have unexpected costs.
6 The PMI has members in different countries.
7 The Haradh gas project cost more than the planned budget.
Задание 4. Выпишите из текста все глаголы в Past Simple.
Задание 5. Используйте глаголы в скобках в Past Simple:
Three Canadian students(work) together on a college project last year and their idea (make) them a million dollars in ten months. IT students Carl Newman, Elizabeth New and Janet Collins (start) a website to help people with computer
problems. Their teachers (say) that it (be) a good idea. More and more people from all around the world (visit) the website. In June they (sell) the idea to an international media corporation. Their college course (finish) three months ago. Now the three friends live in Toronto and have a successful IT company.
Задание 6. Заполните пропуски, используя предлоги in, on, at там, где необходимо:
1 The project started … May 2007.
2 Are you free … Monday morning?
3 Charles visited the factory … last February.
4 What do you usually do …New Year's Day?
5 Ask Sunil to finish the budget … the morning.
6 The client wanted to see the plans …three thirty.
Задание 7. Заполните пропуски, используя данные ниже слова:
International, more, client, late, succeeded, failed
1 QLD has offices in New York, Rio and Paris. It's an …company.
2 This IT project is expensive because the … keeps changing the plans.
3 Grace doesn't like to be … so she always arrives five minutes before the meeting starts.
4 The project … because we had an excellent team.
5 Patricia never studies; she … her engineering exams last week.
6 The price of materials is high, so we need … money in the budget.
Задание 8. Подчеркните предлог, который не может использоваться с данным словом:
1 under behind over on budget
2 on ahead of in behind schedule
Задание 9. Замените следующие слова и фразы, используя один из предлогов + существительное из задания 8:
1 on time__________
2 late__________
3 early__________
4 at the money available__________
5 more than the money available__________
6 less than the money available__________
Задание 10. Заполните пропуски предлогами in, on, at там, где необходимо:
1 They started the meeting____10am.
2 Francis went to Geneva____July.
3 I'm flying to Bucharest____this afternoon.
4 Did you go to the gym ____ last night?
5 He can see you ____Thursday afternoon.
6 Give me the report____the morning.
7 I went to the cinema ____the weekend.
8 Is Gerard free____Tuesday, 16th May?
9 They finished the building ____the summer.
10 Mark started his job____Monday 2nd January 2006.
Задание 11. Заполните пропуски, используя данные ниже слова:
First, then, finally, after that, next
1 _________, we decided who to have as project leader.
2 _________ we agreed a budget.
3 _________ _________we talked to customers about what they want.
4 _________we had a meeting with the design team.
5 _________, we built a test product and showed it to the CEO.
Практическое занятие 5.
WORKING ABROAD
Теоретическая часть
Данный лексический материал предназначен для знакомства и овладения специальными терминами, активному использованию предлагаемых слов и словосочетаний, подготовки к чтению, переводу и обсуждению текстов официально-делового стиля.
abroad за рубежом
average средний
climate климат
culture культура
emigrate эмигрировать
emigration эмиграция
healthcare здравоохранение
location расположение
locate располагаться
quality of life качество жизни
temperature температура
Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
Over there
Why British people are moving to other countries
More and more Britons are living inother countries. A recent report said that almost 200,000 Britons left the country last year with no plans to return. A British person emigrates every three minutes, and 5.5m British people now live abroad.
Many younger people leave - a lot of students go abroad to study. Older people are usually retired and want a warmer climate to live in. Two thirds of the people that emigrate are workers. Some are managers and others do manual or administrative jobs. Australia is the favourite country for English people to emigrate to. Spain and the USA are also popular.
Why do people leave? Many want to find a better job. A quarter of people say that they want to leave Britain because the cost of living is high. Homeowners with expensive houses can buy a bigger place abroad; young people want to move because houses in other countries are cheaper than in Britain. Research suggests that the quality of life in Britain is worse than in some other countries. But most people leave for positive reasons: many think that living in another country is more interesting -they leave because they want to have a happier life.
It is becoming more difficult for British people to emigrate to countries outside the European Union. Most countries want professional or skilled workers, for example, builders, engineers and doctors. But other skills are also popular in some countries - Australia, for example, needs hairdressers.
Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант a-c, чтобы закончить предложение:
The writer thinks most British people move to other countries because they
a don't like Britain
b speak a lot of languages
с want a new life.
Задание 3. Впишите номер абзаца 1-4, содержащего следующую информацию:
a where the British go paragraph __
b the reasons why people want to leave Britain paragraph __
с how many people leave paragraph __
d popular skills and jobs in other countries paragraph__
Задание 4. Из выделенных курсивом слов выберите подходящее по смыслу:
Working abroad
The more /most important thing to do before working in another country is to think about these things:
■ Do you want a better / best job or a more / most interesting life?
■ It is easier/ easiest to live in another country when you speak the language. Start lessons before you leave.
■ What is the most expensive / cheapest way to arrange the move? What is the nicer / nicest area to live in?
■ Could the move make your quality of life worse/ worst than it is now? The more / most beautiful location in the world is no fun when you are working 60 hours a week.
Задание 5. Заполните пропуски данными ниже словами:
Professional, retired, managerial, skilled, administrative, voluntary, manual
1 Someone who is over 65 and no longer works is __________.
2 __________workers do a lot of paperwork, usually in an office.
3 Lawyers and doctors are__________people.
4 A person in charge of other employees has a__________position.
5 __________workers do physical jobs, for example, on farms or in factories.
6 People who do__________work don't receive any pay.
7 A__________worker has special training or knowledge to do a job.
Задание 6. Поставьте данные ниже прилагательные в сравнительную степень и найдите антонимичные пары:
Big, warm, cheap, popular, low, easy, interesting
1 cooler __________
2 more boring__________
3 more difficult__________
4 smaller__________
5 higher__________
6 more expensive__________
7 more unpopular__________
