Ceramic tile. High cost, life of more than 100 years

· Imbrex and tegula, style dating back to ancient Greece and Rome.

· Monk and Nun, a style similar to Imbrex and tegula, but basically using two Imbrex tiles.

· Dutch roof tiles, Netherlands

· Mangalore tiles, India

 

Membrane roofing. Membrane roofing is in large sheets, generally fused in some way at the joints to form a continuous surface.

· Thermoset membrane (e.g. EPDM rubber). Synthetic rubber sheets adhered together with contact adhesive or tape. Primary application is big box stores with large open areas.

· Thermoplastics (e.g. PVC, TPO, CSPE) – Plastic sheets welded together with hot air, creating one continuous sheet membrane. They can be re-welded with the exception of CSPE. Lends itself well to both big box and small roof application because of its hot air weld ability. This membrane is installed by two methods: 1.) Rolls of membrane are attached to the ridged insulation using a bonding adhesive; 2.) The edge of each roll is fastened through ridged insulation into structural deck, and the proceeding roll is lapped over the fasteners. The overlap is then heat-welded with hot air to create a mechanically fastened thermoplastic roof. PVC is also known as IB. Vinyl roof membrane.

Liquid roofing

· Asphalt roll roofing including single and double coverage types.

· Bituminous waterproofing is a general term for:

o Modified bitumen – heat-welded, asphalt-adhered or installed with adhesive. Asphalt is mixed with polymers such as APP or SBS, then applied to fiberglass and/or polyester mat, seams sealed by locally melting the asphalt with heat, hot mopping of asphalt, or adhesive. Lends itself well to most applications.

o Built-up roof – Multiple plies of salt-saturated organic felt or coated fiberglass felts. Plies of felt are adhered with hot asphalt, coal tar pitch or adhesive. Although the roof membrane can be left bare, it is typically covered with a thick coat of the waterproofing material and covered with gravel. The gravel provides protection from ultra-violet degradation, stabilizes the temperature changes, protects surface of the roof and increases the weight of the roof system to resist wind blow-off.

 

Fabric, polyester: PTFE, (synthetic fluoropolymer) embedded in fiberglass.

 

Metal roofing.

· Corrugated galvanized iron is Galvanized manufactured with wavy corrugations to resist lateral flexing and fitted with exposed fasteners. Widely used for low cost and durability. Sheds are normally roofed with this material. Gal iron or Coro was the most extensively used roofing material of 20th century Australia, now replaced in popularity by steel with longer-lasting, colored, alloy coatings.

· Copper roofs can last for hundreds of years. Copper roofing offers durability, ease of fabrication, lighter weight than some other roofing materials, can be curved, low maintenance, corrosion resistance, low thermal movement, lightning protection, radio frequency shielding, and are 100% recyclable. Copper roofs have a high initial cost but very long lifetime: tests on European copper roofs from the 18th Century showed that, in theory, copper roofs can last one thousand years.^[6] Another advantage of copper roofing systems is that they are relatively easy to repair.

· Standing-seam metal with concealed fasteners.

· Mechanically seamed metal with concealed fasteners contains sealant in seams for use on very low sloped roofs, suitable for roofs of low pitch such as 0.5/12 to 3/12 pitch.

· Flat-seam metal with or without soldered seams.

· Steel coated with a colored alloy of zinc and aluminum.

 

8. Stone-coated metal roofing.

 

· Concrete or fiber cement, usually reinforced with fibers of some sort.

· may also be in the form of concrete tiles.

· Structural concrete can also be used for flat roof constructions. There are three main category, precast-in-place and shell. There are many types of precast concrete roofing. The followings are the most common types.

· Double tees are the most common products for short spans up to 60 feet (18 m)

· Hollow-core slabs are used when there is a need for flushed ceiling.

· T-beams are similar to double tees but can be used for span ranging from 30 feet (9.1 m) to 100 feet (30 m).