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1. Sociologists consider that environmental pollution is one of the most burning problems of our time.
2. Today ecology and problems of environmental protection are widely discussed by mathematicians all over the world.
3. Sociologists confirm that exploitation of nature does not result in ecological ruin.
4. The duty of man is to respect and to defend the rights of nature.
5. All countries must take part in the programs of the protection of nature.
6. Countries and nations must compete in preserving the beauty of nature, in protecting the environment against the pressure of civilization.
7. Pollution from factories is the only problem.
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8. There are engines, which don’t cause air pollution.
9. The necessary investment has to come from the government.
III. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
1. Problems, all, today, over, ecology, are, of, environmental, and, discussed, the, protection, world, widely, sociologists, by.
2. Conditions, of, activity, environmental, various, depend on, human, types, social.
3. Defend, nature, to, rights, has, man, duty, and, its, these, to respect, rights, the, it, of, and, is.
4. Problem, factories, not, from, pollution, only, is, the.
5. Leave, governments, into, many, rivers, city, of, countryside, and, discharge, in, sewage, the, their, garbage, mountains.
IY. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the text and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
1. Recent _______ research demonstrates that the ______ influences man and, on the contrary, ______ influences nature.
2. Sociologists _______ that exploitation of nature will result in ______ _____.
3. It is ________ to do programs of the ________ of nature.
4. If countries and nations compete let them compete in ______ the beauty of nature, in ________the ________ against the pressure of civilization.
5. _______ can be _______ and _______ can be converted to energy.
Y. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
| 1. Environmental pollution 2. Environmental protection 3. In defense of nature 4. Vanishing species 5. Purification plants 6. Human social activity | a. мінеральні ресурси b. отруєні річки і озера c. зникаючі види d. забруднення навколишнього середовища e.промислові відходи f.захист навколишнього середовища |
| 7. Natural habitat 8. Mineral resources 9. Industrial waste 10. Poisoned rivers and lakes | g.у захист природи h. природне місце існування i. прибори для очищування j.соціальна діяльність людини |
YI. Comprehension questions.
1. What do sociologists all over the world consider?
2. Which problems are widely discussed by sociologists?
3. Who confirms that exploitation of nature will result in ecological ruin?
4. In what programs must all the countries take part?
5. Is pollution from factories the only problem?
6. We must protect the environment, mustn’t we?
YII. Make up sentences and translate them.
| All people We They | should ought must shall will | raise their voices in defense of nature pay attention to the question of nature conservation join the efforts to protect the nature save the land, the seas, the oceans build the most perfect purification plants choose life before it’s too late protect rare and vanishing animals species |
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YIII. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets and translate them.
1. Ecology is a … common for all mankind. (problem, question, point, object)
2. All people actively … in international cooperation on the protection of the natural habitat. (participate, take part, concern)
3. Environmental problems … their relatively short history, have already been an object of a number of international discussions. (despite, in spite of, although)
4. They have done a great deal of … to man and they are still doing so for profit and gain. (harm, hurt, damage)
5. They … about mineral resources, flowing rivers, forests, meadows and fields. (have a talk, speak, say, tell)
IX. Make up questions. Translate and answer them.
| Do Does | people catch fish in the rivers or lakes near your house? environmental protection occupy an important place in everybody’s life? The resources demand rational use? Industrial waste influence people’s health? |
| What is What are | all people going in defense of nature? the air like in the place you live? the biosphere affected by? |
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X. Read the text. Put each of the following words into the correct space in the text and translate it.
(concern, demand, growth, environment, fuel, pollution, science)
Man and the Environment
There are a lot of problems facing people on the planet Earth nowadays. The problems that ________ world action are: ________ of world population,
economic crises, ethnic conflicts. Sociological surveys have shown that the most urgent problem concerning the people of the whole world is an ecological one.
What is ecology? Ecology is the ________ that studies the conditions of the habitat of man, animals and plants for the benefit of present and future generations.
What is the ________? It is everything around us. It includes everything that is not alive, such as the soil, the air, the water. The planet Earth is our mutual home. All share the same climate and cannot build our independent line of defense.
Human activities can make the environment unhealthy and cause global warming, ozone holes, water, air, oil _______. We breathe poisonous air, drink poisonous water and eat poisonous food.
Many scientists including sociologists study the environment. When there is a problem, they try to find out why. Then they look for ways to stop the problem.
Scientists have also helped find ways to reduce air and water pollution. New cars burn ________ better and produce fewer poisons. There are laws against dumping poisons into rivers and lakes. People who break these laws should be punished.
Environmental problems are our _______. Humans must take care of the environment so it will be a healthier place for all living things.
XI. Read about the four burning environmental problems and then find the Green Solutions to these problems.
Energy.
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At the moment, 94% of the world’s energy comes from fossil fuels. There’s enough coal for the next 300 years, but only enough gas and oil for next 50. What happens then? One answer is nuclear energy. But after Chernobyl disaster in 1986, many people think nuclear power isn’t safe.
2. Wildlife.
Animals are part of the environment too. Millions of them are killed or treated cruelly by man every year. These can be divided into five main groups:
animals used for scientific research (example: rabbits)
• animals killed for sport (example: foxes)
• animals killed for their fur or skin (example: squirrels or crocodiles)
• animals in danger because their habitats are in danger (example: monkeys)
• animals kept in cruel conditions on farm (example: some kinds of chickens and cows)
Rainforests
Before 1900 rainforests covered 14% of the word’s surface. Today they cover 7%. The reason for this is simple. They have been cut down to provide a) land; b) paper; c) wood; d) medicines; e) minerals; f) fuel. But it is not only trees which are disappearing. Every rainforest also contains millions of animals, insects and flowers. These are destroyed too. If man continues to cut down rainforests, more than one million species of plants and animals will become extinct by the year 2030.
Acid Rain
One of Europe and North America’s most serious pollution problems is acid rain. Factories send gases and chemicals into the air. There they mix with water molecules and are carried for hundreds of miles by the wind. Finally, they fall
back to earth when it rains. This acid rain kills fish and trees. It slowly destroys buildings too.
Green Solution a)
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Groups like “Greenpeace” have already helped stop whale hunting. Now they want to stop fur-hunting too. Like many other organizations, they believe in animal rights. Their solution to all problems of wildlife cruelty is simple. Animals shouldn’t suffer. The cruelty must stop.
Green Solution b)
Industrial countries should control their levels of pollution. This is already happening in some parts of Europe. Several countries have cut their acid rain pollution by 30%.
Green Solution c)
There are four Green Solutions. They all use natural energy already in the environment: a) wind energy; b) solar energy; c) wave energy (from the sea); geothermal energy (from hot rocks under the Earth).
Green Solution d)
Governments in rainforest countries need to plan and work together. They should also protect certain areas and new forests.
XII. Make up a dialogue and dramatize it.
A: Say that the traffic on our roads has increased considerably during the past years.
B: Answer that a lot of people have private cars and move about more easily. At the same time air pollution has increased.
A: Reply that he visited several cities in Western countries and that air pollution is much worse there.
B: Answer that this is certainly true but a lot of people in Ukraine denounce increasing air pollution. Add that it is a big problem and that it can only be solved step by step because it is very complex and costs a lot of money.
A: Ask what is at present being done to solve the problem.
B: Tell him that there are regular checks on air pollution in the big towns, that producers try to make better engines for vehicles.
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A: Suggest that improving the car engines is important, but that there are also other ways for solving the pollution problem.
B: Tell him that he is right and one of these ways is perfect purification plants.
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ЗМІСТОВИЙ МОДУЛЬ № 9
