2020-08-05
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The Internet has already entered our ordinary life. Everybody knows that the Internet is a global computer network, which embraces hundreds of millions of users all over the world and helps us to communicate with each other. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest and safest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the net will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology was called packet switching.
Invention of modems, special devices allowing your computer to send the information through the telephone line, has opened doors to the Internet for millions of people.
Most of the Internet host computers are in the United States of America. It is clear that the accurate number of users can be counted fairly approximately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet today, because there are hundreds of millions of users and their number is growing.
Nowadays the most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. They can do it either they are at home or in the internet clubs or at work. Other popular services are available on the Internet too. It is reading news, available on some dedicated news servers, telnet, FTP servers, etc.
In many countries, the Internet could provide businessmen with a reliable, alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems its own system of communications. Commercial users can communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for international calls around the world, when you pay a good deal of money.
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But saving money is only the first step and not the last one. There is a commercial use of this network and it is drastically increasing. Now you can work through the internet, gambling and playing through the net.
However, there are some problems. The most important problem is security. When you send an e-mail, your message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. Because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. But there are many encoding programs available. Not with-standing, these programs are not perfect and can easily be cracked.
Another big and serious problem of the net is control. Yes, there is no effective control in the Internet, because a huge amount of information circulating through the net. It is like a tremendous library and market together. In the future, the situation might change, but now we have what we have. It could be expressed in two words— an anarchist's dream.
Робота над граматичним матеріалом. Revision.
1. Чому модальні дієслова називають недостатніми? Чим вони відрізняються від інших дієслів?
2. Які форми і еквіваленти має дієслово can, must, may? Створіть таблицю.
3. Скільки форм мають дієслова should, ought чим вони різняться.
Ex. 1. Complete the given sentences with can/can't, must/mustn't, needn't, have to:
1. A: Is Jason at work today?
B: He... can't... be. His car isn't in the car park.
2. A: I can't do my German homework. It's too difficult.
B: I'll help you. I............speak German.
3. A: I'm going to watch television.
B: Alright, but you.............stay up too late.
4. A: We............book a taxi to take us to the airport.
B: I'll do it now.
5. A: I didn't know Rachel was in the choir.
B: Oh yes. She..............sing beautifully.
6. A: Shall I cook dinner tonight?
B: No, you.............We're going to a restaurant.
7. A: Has Tim bought a car yet?
B: He............have. I saw him on the bus yesterday.
8. A: She..........be very rich.
B: Yes. She's got a huge house and an expensive car.
9. A: I did the washing-up for you.
B: Oh, you.............have, but it was kind of you.
10. A: Would you like to come to my party on Saturday night?
B: I'd like to, but Mum says I.............visit my grandparents.
4. Дайте загальну характеристик неособовим формам дієслова.
Ex.2. Оберіть потрібну форму герундія або інфінітива:
1 The teacher decided (accepting / to accept) the paper.
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2 His father doesn’t approve of his (going / to go) to Europe.
3 We found it very difficult (reaching / to reach) a decision.
4 Donna is interested in (to open / opening) a bar.
5 George has no intention of (to leave / leaving) the city now.
6 We are eager (to return / returning) to school in the fall.
7 She refused (to accept / accepting) the gift.
8 Mary pretended (to be / being) sick yesterday.
9 Carlos hopes (to finish / finishing) his thesis this year.
10 They agreed (to leave / leaving) early.
11 Herry shouldn’t risk (to drive / driving) so fast.
12 He demands (to know / knowing) what is going on.
13 She is looking forward (to return / to returning) to her country
Ex. 3 Infinitive or Gerund? Put the verb in brackets in the right form, infinitive or -ing. Sometimes both are possible.
1. I want _______ (see) a film on TV this evening.
2. I hope _______ (hear) from you soon. Best wishes, Peter.
3. When did you finish _______ (paint) the kitchen?
4. I began _________ (learn) English when I was seven.
5. Some people like ____________ (have) breakfast in bed, but I don't.
6. Don't forget _______________ (post) my letter!
7. We've decided ____________ (get) married in the spring.
8. When she saw how I was dressed, she started ___________ (laugh).
9. What do you want ________ (do) tonight?
10. I'd like ________________ (go) to the theatre.
3. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням:
History of Geography
In the shifting story of the face of the earth, the land surface merges into one single continent about 250 million years ago. It is from this land mass that our own geography has gradually emerged. This continent has been given the name Pangaea (Greek for 'all earth'). About 200 million years ago Pangaea splits into two parts, north and south, separated by water - the Tethys Sea. The area north of the Tethys Sea, named Laurasia, includes the future North America, Europe and most of Asia. South of the sea, a continent named Gondwanaland is made up of what will be South America, Antarctica, Africa, India and Australia.
The reshaping of the surface of the earth, into the pattern now familiar to us, takes place between 200 and 20 million years ago. First South America splits from Africa and drifts westwards (it is the snug fit between their coast lines which suggests the idea of continental drift to Alfred Wegener in 1912). Then Antarctica, India and Australia separate from Africa. Antarctica moves to the south, while India and Australia drift north and east.
Africa and India move slowly but forcefully towards Europe and Asia, reducing the Tethys Sea to its present-day remnant (the Mediterranean) and throwing up the Alps and the Himalayas from the force of the collision.
Finally North America splits from Europe and Asia (though remaining almost linked at its northern tip), thus forming the Atlantic Ocean and completing the disposition of the continents as we know them.
5. Виконання пілятекстових вправ
Ex.1. Make up the plan of the text.
Ex.2. Write out all the adjectives from the text and change the possible degrees.
Ex.3. Complete the sentences.
- Pangaea is…
- The reshaping of the surface of the earth takes place between…
- Laurasia is…
- Gondwanaland is…
- The land surface merges into one single continent about…
Література:
1. Бессонова І. В. Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням). Навчальний посібник для дистанційного навчання. – К.: Університет «Україна», 2005. – 263с.
