Read the text paying attention to the words given. Learn these words by heart

 

Exhaust System – система выпуска отработавших газов

Muffler – глушитель

Tailpipe – выхлопная труба

carbon monoxide – угарный газ

carbon dioxide – углекислый газ

sound-deadening – звукоизолирующий

wave – волна

low-level – незначительный

collide – сталкиваться

 

The exhaust system carries exhaust gases from the engine’s combustion chamber to the atmosphere and reduces, or muffles, engine noise. Exhaust gases leave the engine in a pipe, traveling through a catalytic converter and a muffler before exiting through the tailpipe.

Chemical reactions inside the catalytic converter change most of the hazardous hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide produced by the engine into water vapor and carbon dioxide.

 

 

he conventional muffler is an enclosed metal tube packed with sound-deadening material. Most conventional mufflers are round or oval-shaped with

an inlet and outlet pipe at either end. Some contain partitions to help reduce engine noise.

Car manufacturers are experimenting with an electronic muffler, which uses sensors to monitor the sound waves of the exhaust noise. The sound wave data are sent to a computer that controls speakers near the tailpipe. The system

generates sound waves 180 degrees out of phase with the engine noise. The sound waves from the electronic muffler collide with the exhaust sound waves and they cancel each other out, leaving only low-level heat to emerge from the tailpipe.

 

Try to use the words given in the sentences of your own.

 

E. Cooling and Heating System

Learn the following words and word combinations by heart.

combustion - горение, сгорание

melt – плавить

conduct away – выводить

liquid coolant - жидкий холодоноситель, охлаждающая жидкость

boiling point –точка кипения

freezing point – точка замерзания

 temperature extremes – перепад температур, крайние (значения) температуры; экстремальные значения температуры

fin –лопасть, ребро

passenger compartment - салон автомобиля, пассажирский салон

windshield defroster - обогреватель ветрового(лобового) стекла

 

Read the text and retell it.

Combustion inside an engine produces temperatures high enough to melt cast iron. A cooling system conducts this heat away from the engine’s cylinders and radiates it into the air. In most automobiles, a liquid coolant circulates through the engine. A pump sends the coolant from the engine to a radiator, which transfers heat from the coolant to the air. In early engines, the coolant was water. In most automobiles today, the coolant is a chemical solution called antifreeze

 

 

that has a higher boiling point and lower freezing point than water, making it effective in temperature extremes. Some engines are air cooled, that is, they are

 

designed so a flow of air can reach metal fins that conduct heat away from the cylinders.

A second, smaller radiator is fitted to all modern cars. This unit uses engine heat to warm the interior of the passenger compartment and supply heat to the windshield defroster.  

 

Revision tasks.

Fill in the gap with the necessary information.

1. Gasoline internal-combustion engines power most automobiles, but some engines use diesel fuel,       ____, natural gas, ____, or fuels derived from methanol (wood alcohol) and ethanol (grain alcohol).

2. Turning the ignition key operates a switch that sends electricity from a ______to a starter motor.

3. The fuel mixture explodes, or combusts, creating _________that push the pistons down the cylinders and cause the crankshaft to rotate.

4. The lower part of the engine, called the________, houses the cylinders, pistons, and crankshaft.

5. The upper part of the engine, the ______, bolted to the top of the block, seals the tops of the cylinders.

6. Fuel vapor enters and exhaust gases leave the combustion chamber through _____in the cylinder head controlled by valves.

7. A_____ or chain links the camshaft to the crankshaft.

8. Diesel engines, common in large trucks or buses, are similar to gasoline internal-combustion engines, but they have a different ____________.

9. Some cars have _______ engines, also known as Wankel engines, which have one or more elliptical chambers in which triangular-shaped rotors, instead of pistons, rotate.

10. All new cars produced today are equipped with _____________instead of carburetors.

 

Questions for discussion.

1. Disclose the work of gasoline internal-combustion engines.

2. What are the basic components of an internal-combustion engine?

3. What is the difference between in-line designs or V designs blocks in most internal-combustion engines?

4. Explain the work of the carburetor.

5. What are the advantages of the fuel injection system in comparison with the carburetor?

6. What pluses does the air-compressing equipment bring to the automobile?

7. Disclose the work of the automobile exhaust system.

8. What equipment of the automobile prevents from cast iron melting inside an engine?

9. What was the coolant in early engines? And how is it called today?

10. For what purpose does the automobile have the second smaller radiator?

Unit III

 Drivetrain