2020-09-24
552
Abnormality, estimate, adults, vital, community, biochemistry, gradually, prosthodontics, manufacture, orthodontics, conservation, preventive, fluoride, resin, porcelain, anesthetic, amalgam, purity.
Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary.
| carry out v. | [ˈkærɪ ˈaʊt] | проводити, виконувати |
| conservation (filling) n. | [kɒnsəˈveɪʃ(ə)n] [ˈfɪlɪŋ] | пломбування |
| decay n. | [dɪˈkeɪ] | гниття |
| dentistry | [ˈdɛntɪstri] | стоматологiя |
| denture (false teeth) n. | [ˈdɛntʃə] [fɔːls tiːθ] | штучні зуби |
| extraction n. | [ɪkˈstrakʃ(ə)n] | видалення |
| involve v. | [ɪnˈvɒlv] | включати до чогось |
| orthodontics n. | [ˌɔːθəˈdɒntɪks] | ортодонтія |
| provide v. | [prəˈvʌɪd] | забезпечувати |
| prosthodontics n. | [ˌprɒsθəˈdɒntɪks] | протезування |
| straightening | [ˈstreɪt(ə)nɪŋ] | вирівняння |
Exercise 3. Form nouns with the help of suffixes and prefixes. Translate them.
Model: to examine (обстежувати) – examina tion (обстеження)
an abdomen (черевна порожнина) – abdomin al (черевний)
-tion: to restore, to extract, to prevent, to inflame, to react, to specialize, to estimate.
-al: medicine, periodont, surgery, profession, nature, psychology, stomatology.
Exercise 4. Translate the following word combinations into your native language before reading the text.
A branch of medicine; to undergo general medical training; a health problem; missing teeth; abnormalities of the teeth and gums; a highly-qualified person; the health of the community; restoration of teeth; straightening teeth; root canal treatment; regular checkups; operations on the teeth, gums, jaws and other nearby parts; extraction of teeth.
Exercise 5. Read and translate the following text into your native language.
DENTISTRY
Dentistry is the branch of medicine concerned with diagnosing, preventing, and treating diseases and abnormalities of the teeth and gums. Tooth decay and gum diseases are a health problem made worse by the kinds of food we eat.
It is estimated that in the United States alone, 29 million people have no teeth of their own. One person in 3 over the age of 35 needs dentures (false teeth), while a lot of adults over 40 have some teeth missing because of gum disease. Until the middle of the 19th century, most dental operations were performed by barbers. Today the dentist, like the doctor, is a highly-qualified person whose work is vital to the health of the community.
The majority of dental treatments are carried out to prevent or treat the two most common oral diseases which are dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontal disease (gum disease or pyorrhea). Common treatments involve the restoration of teeth, extraction or surgical removal of teeth and root canal treatment.
Dentists also carry out prevention of oral diseases through proper hygiene and regular, twice yearly, checkups for professional cleaning and examination.
The professional training of dentists lasts 5 years. For the first two years, most student dentists undergo general medical training. They study subjects such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and also special anatomy and physiology concerning the structure of the mouth and teeth, how the teeth grow, and how they become unhealthy or diseased.
Gradually they specialize in dental subjects such as prosthodontics (the use and manufacture of false teeth that are also called dentures), orthodontics (straightening teeth), conservation (fillings), and oral surgery (extraction of teeth, operations on the teeth, gums, jaws and other nearby parts).
Notes:barber - парикмахер (чоловічий), цирюльник
Exercise 6. Give the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
| 1. tooth decay | a) виготовлення протезів |
| 2. to undergo general medical training | b) пломбування зубів |
| 3. the most common oral disease | c) вирівняння зубів |
| 4. filling teeth | d) відсутні зуби |
| 5. straightening teeth | e) профілактика захворювань |
| 6. manufacture of dentures | f) проходити регулярне обстеження |
| 7. prevention of diseases | g) видалення зубів |
| 8. teeth extraction | h) найпоширеніше захворювання ротової порожнини |
| 9. missing teeth | i) проходити загальну медичну підготовку |
| 10. to have regular check-ups | j) гниття зубів |
Exercise 7. Answer the questions.
1. What is dentistry concerned with?
2. What does most of dental treatment consist of?
3. Who was performing dental operations until the middle of 19th century?
4. How long does the training of dentists last?
5. What does the prevention of oral disease consist of?
6. What does orthodontics deal with?
7. What is the aim of prosthodontics?
8. What is oral surgery connected with?
Exercise 8. Match the sentence halves.
| 1. Today the dentist 2. Tooth decay and gum diseases 3. A lot of adults over 40 4. Most dental operations 5. The professional training of dentists 6. They study subjects 7. Orthodontics is concerned with 8. Prosthodontics deals with | a. have some teeth missing because of gum diseases. b. the manufacture of dentures and false teeth. c. straightening the teeth d. are a health problem made worse by the kinds of food we eat. e. such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and also special anatomy and physiology. f. were performed by barbers. g. lasts several years. h. is a highly-trained person whose work is vital to the health of the community. |
Exercise 9. Give the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
Виготовлення штучних зубів, дорослі люди понад 40 років, високваліфікований спеціаліст, відсутні зуби, видалення зубів, терапія кореневого каналу, професійна освіта, проходити курс загальної медицини, аномалії зубів та ясен, структура ротової порожнини, відповідна гігієна ротової порожнини, профілактика захворювань, вирівняння зубів, проходити регулярне обстеження, найпоширеніше захворювання ротової порожнини.
Exercise 10. Find synonyms to the following words in the text.
Field of medicine, disease, tooth decay, to estimate, grown-ups, a highly-trained person, regular inspection, gingiva, removal, artificial teeth.
