2020-09-26
262
4.1 It is often possible to understand the meaning of a new word from the context. In the following table, each word listed on the left may have two or more meanings described on the right.
A) Work out the meanings of the words.
| office government congress subway treatment | 1) room in a building used as a place for work or study 2) firm, business 3) public position of authority 1) governing 2) body of persons governing a country 1) meeting of delegates, representatives, etc. 2) the law-making body of the US Federal Government 1) underground passage or tunnel to get from one side of a busy street to another 2) (US) underground railway; Metro 1) attitude, behavior towards sb 2) medical care |
B) Translate the sentences choosing the proper meaning of the words in italics.
1. Presidency is the highest governmental office in the United States.
3. On holidays most factories, offices and shops are closed.
4. Mr. Smith’s office is on the fourth floor.
5. The White House is home and office of the President.
6. The main function of Congress is to make the laws.
7. The medical congress is likely to commence in January.
8. Democratic system of government is based on power of the people.
9. In the United States each state has its own government.
10. Walk straight as far as the traffic lights then cross by the subway.
11. Washingtonians are proud of their subway system, which they call Metrorail or just metro.
12. Her treatment in prison was very cruel.
13. He soon recovered under the doctor’s treatment.
14. Washington is unlike many other cities in its treatment of tourists
4.2 Match the following words from the text to their definitions. Suggest the Russian.
|
|
|
| 1unlike 2 law-makers 4 Senate 5 House of Representatives 6 Federal Government 7 White House 8 dome 9 presidency 10numerous | b) central, national government of the United States c) residence of the American Presidents d) great in number e) people who make laws; f) upper House (chamber) of Congress g) rounded roof with a circular base h) office of president i) lower House of Congress j) not like; different from |
4.3 Match the following word-combinations from the text to their Russian equivalents.
| 1 after a light snack 2‘D.C.’ stands for 3 to avoid confusion 4 its sights are free 5 the building dominates the city 6 unlike many other cities 7seat of the US Federal Government 8 flanked with trees 9 so familiar a sight on TV 10 the distinguished men of America 11 richly endowed with beauty | a) в отличие от многих других городов b) такой знакомый вид по телевизору c) обсаженный с двух сторон деревьями d) выдающиеся люди Америки e) чтобы избежать путаницы f) щедро наделенный красотой g) его достопримечательности бесплатны h) слегка перекусив i) здание возвышается над городом j) ‘ D.C.’ означает k) местонахождение Федерального правительства |
4.4 Fill in the synonyms from the list.
famous; well-known (often seen or heard); to devote; to forbid; legislators; contrary to;
| to prohibit law-makers | unlike distinguished | to dedicate familiar |
4.5 Match the parts to make up the word-combinations from the text.
| 1 Federal 2. Capitol 3 House of 4 American 5Statue of 6 Lincoln 7Emancipation 8 Washington 9 marble and granite 10 White 11 Pennsylvania 12 numerous | a) Freedom b) Avenue c) museums,art galleries, libraries, churches, parks, memorials and monuments d) Government e) House f) obelisk g) Monument h) Representatives i) Congress j) Proclamation k) Hill l) Memorial |
5. READING FOR DETAIL. Read the text carefully to answer the following questions.
1. What does the abbreviation ‘D.C.’ stand for?
2. Why are these letters added to ‘Washington’?
3. What is special about this district?
4. Are there skyscrapers in Washington?
5. How do Washingtonians differ from the people of New York?
6. What is the highest point in Washington?
7. What building stands on Capitol Hill?
8. What do you know about the building?
9. What is the Mall?
10. What makes Lincoln Memorial recognizable among other memorials?
|
|
|
11. What is the 16th American President famous for?
12. What is the tallest stone structure in the United States?
13. What building is the residence of the President?
14. What is Pennsylvania Avenue famous for?
15. Why does Washington attract so many tourists each year?
6. SPEAKING. Complete the following sentences with the words and word combinations from the text and the exercises.
Washington D.C.
1. The United States capital is …
2. These letters are always added to …
3. ‘D.C.’ stands for …
4. This special federal district doesn’t belong to …
5. Washington is important as …
6. The centre of the city is …
7. The building stands on …
8. The law prohibits …
9. That’s why there are no …
10. The Capitol is home of both …
11. Another governmental building is the White House – …
12. Today, Washington has a population of …
13. There are very few people in the street and many more …
14. People go to bed …
15. Washington is also a great cultural center containing …
16. The most famous memorials are …
17. A broad lawn, called the Mall, stretches from the foot of the Capitol to the …
18. Abraham Lincoln, the 16th American President, is called “the Great Emancipator” because …
19. In the center of the Mall you can see the Washington Monument, a marble and granite obelisk dedicated to …
20. Washington is unlike many other cities in …
21. No wonder that each year, …
7. PRESENTATION. Speak on the topic ‘Washington D.C.’
TESTS
1st Year 1st Term
TEST 1
(Variant 1)
To complete this Test refer to GRAMMAR REFERENCE for revision.
WORD ORDER
1. Put the words in the correct order to make up a sentence (a statement, an imperative, or an exclamation).
1. to/pass/plate/John/please/the.
2. didn’t/pocket/elder/month/to/I/money/son/any/send/my/last.
3. Mary/since/saw/changed/we/last/has/her.
4. your/mistake/is/test/a/there/in.
5. this/we/are/to/problem/trying/solve/the/is.
6. weather/what/fine!
7. is/warm/the/in/room/it.
2. Put the words in the correct order to make up a question.
1. time/he/on/always/come/his/to/does/classes?
2. long/studied/English/how/you/have?
3. delivers/your/in/who/newspaper/morning/the?
4. Kate/for/waiting/is/who?
5. an/did/ last/accident/he/have/week?
6. married/they/did/get/when?
7. rich/do/want/you/to/or/be/famous?
THERE IS or IT IS
1. Fill in the blanks with It or There .
1. … is not at all easy to put it into practice.
2. … is a theatre in our street.
3. … is easy to understand this rule.
4. … is five p.m. now.
5. … is nothing to be done about this.
6. … is often a rainbow after rain.
7. … is nice seeing you again.
8. … is too late to go there now.
9. … is one thing I want to make clear.
10 … is today’s newspaper. … is interesting.
BE, HAVE or DO
1. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs ‘ Be, Do, or Have’.
1. … you Italian? – Yes, I … from Italy.
2. … they got a car? No, they ….
3. … you know this girl? How old … she? – I think the girl … only seventeen.
4. What … he …? He … a lawyer.
5. … Mr. Austin married? – Yes, he … and … two children at that.
6. … you hungry? – No, I … just eaten sushi.
7. Oh, hi! Where … you calling from? – I … having lunch in the café.
8. Stephanie … a new boyfriend, … she? – Yes, she …. – What … his name?
9. She … the oldest in the family so she … to look after her younger brothers.
10. The conference … to be held next week.
PRONOUNS
(Personal, Possessive, Reflexive)
1. Choose the appropriate pronoun to complete the sentences below.
Example: 1 – he;
1. Neither Lucy nor (he/him/themselves) has a full-time job.
2. Their children and (them/they/theirs) are camping this week.
3. The coach chose Tim and (I/me/mine) for the team.
4. I hope you all enjoy (yourself/you/yourselves) on your holiday.
5. (There’s/their/theirs) is the two-door navy Sedan.
6. She took her dog with (herself/her/hers).
7. Since the earth was formed, (it’s/it/its) climate has changed.
8. Let (they/them/their) read the story again.
9. Don’t ask for help. Do it (you/yours/yourself).
10. They went on holiday with two friends of (them/theirs/their).
NOUNS
1. Complete the sentences with the Singular or Plural form of the given nouns. When necessary, choose the correct word in brackets in some of the sentences.
A
| 1. machinery | It takes a lot of … to build a road. |
| 2. machine | There (is, are) a lot of … in a laundromat. |
| 3. jewelry | Marie wears a lot of … |
| 4. jewel | A crown has a lot of … |
| 5. advice | I don’t need your …. (It, they) (is, are) useless. |
| 6. news | What (is, are) the news? There (isn’t, aren’t) any interesting news in today’s paper. |
| 7. thing | Whose … (is, are) (this, these)? |
| 8. stuff | Whose … (is, are) (this, these)? |
| 9. penny | Tommy had four … in his pocket. |
| 10. money | Where (is, are) the …? (It, they) (is, are) in the pocket. |
| 11. traffic | There (is, are) a lot of … on the road. |
| 12. car | There (is, are) too many … in the street. |
| 13. sandwich | People in Canada often have … for lunch. |
| 14. toast | We had eggs and … for breakfast. |
| 15. police | Where (is, are) the …? (It, They) (is, are) in the house. |
B
| 1. lamb | Joe, would you like (a, some) … for dinner tonight? |
| 2. lamb | … (is, are) born in the springtime. |
| 3. time | It took a lot of … to write my composition. |
| 4. time | I really like that movie. I have seen it three …. |
| 5. paper | Students in Prof. Young’s literature class have to write a lot of …. |
| 6. paper | Students who take thorough lecture notes use a lot of …. |
| 7. paper | The New York Times is (a, some) famous …. |
| 8. work | Rodin’s statue of “The Thinker” is one of my favorite … of art. |
| 9. work | I need help. The … (is, are) too hard for me. |
2. Choose the correct form of the nouns to complete the sentences below.
Example: 1 – daughter’s;
1. When in London he liked to stay at his …
| daughter | daughters | daughter’s | daughters’s |
|
|
|
2. … meeting has been cancelled.
| Tomorrow’s | Tomorrow | Tomorrows’ | Tomorrows’s |
3. My … new car is a BMW 320.
| brothers’-in-law | brother’s-in-law | brother-in-law’s | brother’s-in-law’s |
4. You can buy all this stuff at the … near your office building.
| chemist | chemists | chemist’s | chemists’ |
5. This way, please. And this is my … room.
| children | childrens | children’s | childrens’ |
6. We are looking forward to a … holiday in the Crimea.
| month’s | month | months’ | months’s |
7. Do you have any sisters or brothers? – I have a … brother.
| ten-year-old’s | ten-year’s-old | ten-year-old | ten-years-old |
8. … new apartment is very spacious.
| John and Mary’s | John’s and Mary’s | John’s and Mary | John and Mary |
ARTICLES
1. Choose the correct combination of articles to complete the following sentences.
Example: 1 – c;
1. I thought that … people at the next table were very rude to … waiter.
| a) -, the | b) -, a | c) the, the |
2. My colleague Joanna stayed in … wonderful guest house in … South of France.
| a) a, - | b) a, the | c) the, the |
3. It’s very dangerous to ride … motorbike without … helmet.
| a) the, the | b) a, the | c) a, a |
4. Could you borrow … piece of paper to make … notes on?
| a) a, the | b) a, - | c) the, the |
5. There’s … amazing scenery all around … hotel.
| a) an, - | b) -, the | c) an, the |
6. Today … most American families have at least two TV sets. … only activity that takes up more of their free time is sleeping.
| a) the, - | b) -, the | c) -, an |
7. You cannot expect your letter to be delivered to … right person if you don’t write … name of the addressee on … envelope.
| a) a, a, an | b) the, the, an | c) the, the, the |
8. It was … mistake to build … apartment blocks next to …beach.
| a) -, -, a | b) a, -, a | c) a, the, the |
9.... film was made by … independent producer, not connected with … big Hollywood studios.
| a) A, the, - | b) The, an, the | c) The, the, the |
10. Mary spent … year and … half working with … sick people in Africa.
| a) a, a, - | b) a, -, the | c) a, a, the |
11. … girl I told you about is … one on … right.
| a) A, -, - | b) The, -, the | c) The, the, the |
12. … English are very proud of their country and that … English language is spoken all over … world.
| a) -, -, the | b) The, -, the | c) The, the, the |
13. In Hungary, … tourism and industrial development around … shores of … Lake Balaton have made … lake biologically dead..
| a) the, the, the, the | b) -, the, -, the | c) -, -, the, the | d) the, -, -, the |
14. Most people believe that it’s wrong to let … children have everything that … money can buy. They must realize well that … money is earned by … hard work.
| a) the, -, the, the | b) -, the, -, the | c) -, -, -, - | d) -, -, the, a |
2. Fill in the articles where necessary.
Example: 1 – an;
I went for … 1 … interview last month, for … 2 … job I really wanted. … 3 … position was just what I wanted to do at … 4 … beginning of my career as it offered … 5 … chances of learning through … 6 … training, some travelling, … 7 … company car and enough chances of promotion. … 8 … interview went wrong from … 9 … start. First of all, I was very late because of … 10 … traffic jam. I eventually arrived at … 11 … office nearly … 12 … hour late, having forgotten all … 13 … questions I had been planning to ask them about … 14 … company and … 15 … job. But … 16 … interviewer was friendly and even offered me … 17 … cup of coffee.
|
|
|
PRESENT SIMPLE versus PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
1. Choose between the Present Simple and Present Progressive.
1. They usually sit/are sitting for hours without saying a word.
2. Jane is in Paris now. She studies/is studying French there.
3. How do you get/are you getting to your office?
4. My cousin attends/is attending a university in Midwest which specializes/is specializing in astronomy.
5. Could you turn off the television? Nobody watches/is watching it.
2. Choose the appropriate adverbial of time.
1. People continually/traditionally prepare colored eggs at Easter.
2. More and more young people have careers nowadays/recently.
3. What do you usually do in the afternoon/this afternoon?
4. The company is looking for people with experience lately/now.
5. Carol rarely/usually reads a lot and is extremely well-informed.
3. Open the brackets using the Present Simple or the Present Progressive.
1. Have you got a light? – Sorry, I (not/smoke).
2. You (understand) what he (talk) about?
3. What you (do)? I’m a lawyer.
4. What a beautiful dress you (wear)! When did you buy it?
5. You always (complain) about the weather!
6. You (see) that woman in the corner? – She (look) at you.
7. She (dislike) asking people for favors.
8. It often (rain) here at this time of the year?
9. At the moment the company (reorganize) its departments.
10. My mother (think) that hitch-hiking (be) very dangerous.
PRESENT PERFECT versus PAST SIMPLE
1. Choose between the Present Perfect and Past Simple.
1. News just came in/has just come of an earthquake in Southern Mangrovia, According to the first reports the quake struck/has struck just after midnight last night.
2. Hello, Mr… er… Mr – I’m sorry, I forgot/have forgotten your name.
3. He was/has been ill before Christmas, but he has been/was fine since then.
4. It’s the second time that I have seen/saw him.
5. Where have you been/were you? I haven’t seen/didn’t see you for ages.
2. Choose the appropriate adverbial of time.
1. I can’t remember when/how long I have had this CD player.
2. I haven’t paid for my ticket yet/still.
3. Did you live here in/since 1995?
4. I actually had dinner with Paul last night/lately.
5. The price of petrol has risen considerably last year/over the past year.
6. Has your younger brother left school already/yet?
3. Open the brackets using the Past Simple or the Present Perfect.
1. Why do you look so upset? Anything (happen)?
2. I (know) Helen for 10 years. We (study) at university together. She was one of the best students.
3. He (be) interested in jazz ever since he (leave) school.
4. I (use) to like swimming but I don’t now.
5. Jane (recover) yet? – No, she is still in hospital.
6. I’m sorry I can’t accept your invitation. We already (make) our plans for the holiday.
7. My brother is an actor. He already (appear) in several films.
8. What your father (give) you for your last birthday?
9. You (see) Tom? – Yes, I (talk) with him an hour ago.
10. He (take) off his pullover, (lie) down on the sofa and (start) to read a magazine.
