The US political parties

Задания для студентов СПО

 

учебник Liz & John Soars Headway Pre-Intermediate Student’s Book (SB)

Liz & John Soars Headway Pre-Intermediate Workbook (WB)

 

Чтобы получить зачет, необходимо выполнить следующие задания.

 

Курс 1 семестр

Сделать письменный перевод текстов:

· Hello, people of the World! (SB стр 9);

· Kimiko – Japan, Xavier – France, Margaretha – Norway (SB стр 16);

· James Bond (SB стр 22-23);

· UK political system (см далее);

Выполнить письменно задания по грамматике:

· Stop and Check (Units 1-3) Workbook –WB стр.20-21. Следует выполнить все задания кроме VOCABULARY.

Курс 2 семестр

Сделать письменный перевод текстов:

· Marks and Spencer (SB стр 29);

· Desperately seeking someone (SB стр.38-39);

· The richest man in the world (SB стр.44);

· Legal Professions in Great Britain (см далее);

Выполнить письменно задания по грамматике:

· Stop and Check (Units 4-6) Workbook –WB стр.36-37. Следует выполнить все задания кроме VOCABULARY.

 

Курс 3 семестр

Сделать письменный перевод текстов:

· Paul Newman (SB стр.52-53);

· David the teenage tycoon, Mademoiselle Chanel (SB стр.60-61);

· Living in the skies(SB стр.65);

· US Government (см далее);

Выполнить письменно задания по грамматике:

· Stop and Check (Units 7-9) Workbook –WB стр.50-51. Следует выполнить все задания кроме VOCABULARY.

 

Курс 4 семестр

Сделать письменный перевод текстов:

· Dying for the vote (SB стр.74 -75);

· 1. Heart man alive and kicking, 2. Concorde’s birthday, 3. Milliondollar reward, 4. 3 million for a vet (SB стр.80-81);

· The US Political Parties (см далее);

Выполнить письменно задания по грамматике:

· Stop and Check (Units 10-12) Workbook –WB стр.64-65. Следует выполнить все задания кроме Verb Patterns и VOCABULARY.

 

ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ 1-4 СЕМЕСТРОВ

UK POLITICAL SYSTEM

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. This means that Great Britain is governed by Parliament and the Queen is Head of State.

The legislative power in the country is exercised by the Houses of Parliament. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords is composed of hereditary and life peers and peeresses. The members of the House of Commons are elected by the people. They are elected from the constituencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The House of Commons is the real governing body of the United Kingdom.

The executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The government is usually formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister is the majority party leader and is appointed by the Queen. The Prime Minister chooses a team of ministers; twenty of the ministers are in the Cabinet. The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and the Shadow Cabinet. The two leading parties in Great Britain are the Conservative Party (the Tories) and the Labour Party.

The judiciary branch of the government determines common law and is independent both of the legislative and the executive branches. There is no written constitution in Great Britain, only precedents and traditions.

 

Vocabulary Notes

a constitutional monarchy - конституционная монархия

the Queen - королева

Head of State - глава государства

the legislative power - законодательная власть

to be exercised by - осуществляться (чём-л.)

the Houses of Parliament - парламент

the House of Lords - палата лордов

the House of Commons - палата общин

to be composed of smth - состоять из чего-л.

hereditary and life peers - наследственные и пожизненные лорды и пэры

a peeress - пэресса

to be elected by the people - избираться народом

to be elected from a constituency - избираться от избирательного округа

the real governing body- реальный правящий орган

the executive power - исполнительная власть

Prime Minister - премьер-министр

the Cabinet - кабинет

to be supported by the majority - поддерживаться большинством

to be appointed by - назначаться (кем-л.)

to choose a team of ministers - создавать команду министров

the Shadow Cabinet - теневой кабинет

the judiciary branch of the government - судебная власть

to determine common law- определять общее право

to be independent of smth - не зависеть от чего-л.

 

LEGAL PROFESSIONS IN BRITAIN

There are about 66,000 practising solicitors and over 8.000 practising barristers in England and Wales. Solicitors and barristers work together on cases but the solicitor is the first point of contact with the law for a client in the UK. The solicitor listens carefully to the client and then explains the legal position and gives advice. Barristers will only see the client in the company of a solicitor who prepares all the documents relevant to the ease which will be examined by the barrister.

The barrister is a specialist in advocacy and he has the right of audience. There are only a few solicitors who are allowed to present cases inthe higher courts. Barristers are self-employed in the independent Bar. Solicitors normally get salaries but sometimes they can get extra money in the profits if they are successful. In addition to the barristers practising in England and Wales, there are 2,000 barristers working as in-house lawyers.

Judges in England and Wales have been barristers for not less than 10 years. Since judges are appointed, they can't work as barristers.

Solicitors do a variety of work — property, private law, banking, finance, employment law and environmental law.

 

a barrister — адвокат, выступающий в суде

a solicitor — поверенный

a judge — судья

advocacy - адвокатура

to examine the case — изучить дело

litigalion - тяжба, гражданское дело

to rely on - полагаться на

self-employed — зд. иметь частную практику

the right of audience - право выступать в суде

Bar - коллегия адвокатов

in house lawyer- юрист, постоянно работающий в компании

 

 

US GOVERNMENT

The USA is a presidential republic. The legislative branch of the US Government, or the Congress, represents all of the American states. It consists of two parts: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each state has two senators, who are elected every 6 years. A senator must be at least 30 years old, a citizen of the United States for 9 years, and live in the state he or she will represent. A representative must be at least 25 years old, a citizen for 7 years, and live in the state.

The job of the Congress is to make laws. The President can veto a bill. The Congress can pass the law anyway if it gets a two-thirds majority vote. The Congress can also declare war. The House of Representatives can also impeach the President. This means that the House can charge the President with a crime. In this case, the Senate will put the President on trial. The Senate votes to approve the justices that the President appoints to the Supreme Court.

The executive branch of the government puts the country's laws into effect. The President of the United States is a member of the executive branch. The President must be at least 35 years old and be a natural citizen of the USA. In addition, he must have lived in the US for at least 14 years, and be a civilian. The President is elected every four years and cannot serve more than two terms. The Vice-President of the USA is president of the Senate. When the President receives a bill from the Congress, he must sign it, and then the bill becomes a law. However, if he disagrees with the law, he can veto it. ThePresident can also ask the Congress to declare war. He also appoints the justices to the Supreme Court. He must do his job according to the Constitution, or he may be impeached.

The judicial branch of the government is the system of courts in the United States. Its job is to enforce laws. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country. It consists of 9 justices: one Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices. The President appoints the justices, but the Senate must approve them. The justices are appointed for life. The Supreme Court makes sure that people obey the laws. The Supreme Court can also decide if a law is constitutional, that it is in agreement with the Constitution. The judicial branch works together with the legislative and executive branches to protect the Constitution and the rights of people.

Vocabulary Notes

the legislative branch of the government – законодательная власть

to represent — представлять

the House of Representatives — Палата представителей

the Senate – Сенат

to elect, election— избирать, выборы

to make laws — создавать законы

to enforce a law – проводить закон в жизнь

to obey a law — исполнять закон

to pass the law — провести закон

to veto a bill – наложить вето на законопроект

majority/minority – большинство/меньшинство

to declare war — объявить войну

to impeach the President — подвергнуть президента импичменту

to charge- обвинить в каком-либо преступлении

to vote — голосовать

executive branch – исполнительная власть

a term – срок полномочий

the Supreme Court – Верховный Суд

justice – судья

Chief Justice – Главный судья

Associate Justice – Член Верховного Суда

to appoint – назначать

the judicial branch – судебная власть

THE US POLITICAL PARTIES

The Democratic Party is the oldest party in the United States. In 1829, Andrew Jackson became the first Democratic President. Since that time, the issues of the nation and the ideas of the party have changed. Both the major parties have liberal and conservative members but in general people consider the Democrats today more liberal than the Republicans. Democrats often want the government to establish social programs for people in need, such as the poor, the unemployed, and the elderly. They usually say they believe in equal rights (or women and minorities and they oppose nuclear weapon and too much military spending. The symbol of the Democratic Party is the donkey.

                                                          

The Republican Party, sometimes called the G.O.P, (the Grand Old Party), began in 1854 over the issue of slavery. Republicans oppose slavery. The first Republican candidate to become President was Abraham Lincoln. After the Civil War, Republicans gotinterested in farm, land, and business issues. In general, Republicans vote more conservatively than Democrats. They want government to support big business but not to control the lives of citizens. They often oppose government spending for social programs but support military spending. The party symbol is the elephant.