2014-02-05
554
In this sentence type we single out principal clause (PC) and subordinate (-ive) one(s) (SC).
There are a lot of variations of such sentences, so it’s possible to classify them according to:
| 1) functions of SC (as compared to simple sentence parts) |
- subject clause: (What he knows) is not important.- Compare :It is not important.
- predicative clause:(The only important thing is (how you can overcome this difficulty.)= The only important thing is smth.)
- object clause: I want to know (when he is free). = I want to know WHAT?
- attributive clause (The man (who helped me) was very kind. (What man?)
- adverbial clauses of time, place, comparison, result, purpose, condition etc. (Ger ready with your own examples. Books of practical grammar can be used).
E.g.I received his letter (when I didn’t expect).(When?- it’s an adverbial clause of time)
| 2) type of subordination |
- Correlative type (when the conjunction has a correlating element in the structure of PC which is called ante’cedent):
The man (who helped me) was very kind. It was just that what I wanted to say.
- Complementive type (if SC complements (=восполняет) the incomplete semantics of PC (if empty subject IT is used in PC)
It is necessary (that you should learn the rule). Here we can transform the sentence: To learn the rule is necessary (SC becomes the subject).
- Inclusive type (when subject or predicate is expressed by SC). Here SC serves as subject or predicative of the whole complex sentence which is incomplete without it:
The only important thing is how you can overcome this difficulty.
cj.word how (inclusive link)
- co-dependent type (If not regular conjunctions, but notional words in the linking function are used, and they open each clause:
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The more we get – the more we waste. (also: The sooner…. the better, the louder …., the more expressive…., etc.
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co-dependent link
- Loose-connection type (свободное подчинение) (when all clauses are structurally and semantically complete, so it is possible to make separate simple sentences on their basis (which is absolutely impossible in the previous 4 types of subordination).
I received his letter when I didn’t expect to. (I received his letter. I didn’t expect to.) (Mind, that it is only possible for ADVERBIAL clauses).
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PC
loose- connection link
NOTE: (Some other examples are given in «Задания для сам. работы…., с. 49-50)
| 3) type of structure |
1. Chain arrangement of clauses (if SC(s) is/are related to the previous clause (see the previous example). Also:
It's interesting if he brings the book which is necessary for me.
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cj. that cj. word which
(complementive link) (correlative link, antecedent book)
2. parallel arrangement of clauses (if all SCs depend on PC):
It’s interesting if he brings the book and if he lets us use it.
cj. word if
(complementive link)
Coo coordination (and)
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(complementive link)
