Architecture

The main façade of the Stroganov palace faces Nevsky Prospect. Here, Rastrelli rejects thecour d'honneur in the French manner, like the one in the design of the Vorontsov Palace, built by Rastrelli in 1744-1750. By this time, Rastrelli has developed his own style based on exploring the impressive façade, which implies the presence of three risolites, the subordination to a single center, rejection of verticalization, and stretching the building horizontally. Rastrelli gives the building a single mass movement toward the center. He skillfully emphasizes this by subordinating the lateral risolites to the central, imposing group of columns of purely decorative, not architectonic, function, deliberately building up tension toward the center of the sculpted front.

Increasing plastic expression toward the center is a favorite method of the architect’s for producing strong concentration in a building. Rastrelli uses the giant order, the method of visual fusion of the second and third floor windows, typical for the Baroque, and the differentiated arrangement of columns closely adjacent to the wall in order to create a masterful effect and an impressive Baroque façade facing St. Petersburg's main thoroughfare. There is no doubt that Italian architect Guarino Guarini’s heritage is reflected in the Russian architect's work. It should be mentioned that a treatise on architecture by Guarino Guarini gained popularity in Europe, including remote St. Petersburg. It's likely that the architects who worked at the Russian Empress' court, including Rastrelli himself, who was the chief court architect, were familiar with the basic precepts of this work and often resorted to the constructive methods of its author.

The facade carries an entrance arch supported by two Corinthian columns. The arch is crowned with a pediment bearing the Stroganov coat of arms.^[3] The spaces under the windows on the facade feature a man's profile. There are two practically anecdotal versions regarding this man's identity. According to one version, the man is the first owner of the palace, Baron Stroganov, whom Rastrelli wanted to surprise. However, many historians claim that the famous architect in fact left his own profile on the palace walls. According to this version, Rastrelli decided to do this as an unusual signature to commemorate his work.^[4]

Воронцовский дворец (Санкт-Петербург)

[править]

Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Воронцовский дворец.

Воронцовский дворец

Культурное наследие Российской Федерации,объект № 7810648000

Воронцо́вский дворе́ц — дворец в центральной части Санкт-Петербурга, располагающийся на Садовой улице напротив Гостиного двора. Возведён архитектором Б. Ф. Растрелли в 1749—1757 годах для канцлера М. И. Воронцова. Дворец отличается богатым, нарядным декором фасадов и пышной отделкой интерьеров. Во дворце более 50 парадных залов и помещений. Дворец украшают лепнина, золоченая резьба и другие элементы, сопутствующие стилю барокко.

От Садовой улицы дворец отделяет парадный двор и изящная ограда, выполненная из литого чугуна. За главным корпусом был регулярный сад, простиравшийся до Фонтанки.

Строительство и отделка дворца потребовали столь больших вложений, что в 1763 году граф Воронцов за долги был вынужден уступить его российской казне. По вступлении на престолПавла I дворец в конце 1790-х годов был передан Мальтийскому ордену, здесь же размещался Капитул российских орденов.

В 1798—1800 годах архитектором Дж. Кваренги во дворце устроена церковь Рождества Святого Иоанна Предтечи, а со стороны сада по его же проекту к главному корпусу пристроена Мальтийская капелла.

C 1810 по 1918 год во дворце размещался Пажеский корпус. После Октябрьской революции здесь разместилась Первая Петроградская пехотная школа командного состава РККА. В 1937 году на базе этой школы образовалось Ленинградское пехотное училище имени С. М. Кирова. В 1955 году здесь же разместилось Суворовское военное училище.

Vorontsov Palace (Saint Petersburg)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Vorontsov Palace in winter 2011

The Vorontsov Palace (Russian:Воронцо́вский дворе́ц) is a Baroque palace compound which occupies a large parcel of land wedged between Sadovaya Street and the Fontanka River in Saint Petersburg,Russia.

The palace of 50 rooms was built at enormous expense by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli for Count Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov, Empress Elizabeth's chancellor and maternal relative. The palace took 8 years to build, starting in 1749. After his niece Elizabeth fell from grace, Vorontsov was effectively exiled from the court and sold his main residence to the crown.

Paul I of Russia gave it to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, of which he was Grand Master. Another Italian architect working in Russia, Giacomo Quarenghi, was then asked to modernise the palace. In 1798-1800, Quarenghi added a Catholic chapel to serve exiled French aristocrats who resided in the Russian capital at the turn of the 19th century. See Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller for details.

Since 1810 the Vorontsov Palace has housed a succession of exclusive military schools, including the famous Page Corps (1810-1918) and the Suvorov Military School (from 1955). The palace is screened from Sadovaya Street by an elaborate cast iron grille and is separated from the Fontanka Embankment by a large garden. The Chapel of the Order of Malta went through extensive restoration in 2003 and is currently used for organ recitals.