Vocabulary

1. if not the very first – если не самый первый
2. it should be noted – необходимо отметить
3. to account for – объяснять
4. mass-produced materials – изделия массового производства
5. solid – твердый
6. variety – разнообразие
7. hardness - твердость
8. to provide – обеспечивать
9. durable - прочный
10. pottery – гончарное изделие
11. dull – тусклый
12. bond – связь
13. outer – внешний
14. to cast – отливать
15. to cut – резать
16. oven – печь
17. shell – оболочка
18. to borrow – заимствовать
19. device – прибор
20. tо serve - служить

II. Выполните упражнения

Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What was the very first solid material that man began to use? 2. What did natural ceramics provide man with? 3. Why was ceramics used in a variety of applications? 4. Why did man get interested in ceramics so much? 5. What is ceramics? 6. What is a main characteristic of the construction of ceramics crystals? 7. Why are the ceramic materials so strongly resistant? 8. What are the principal elements in natural clays? 9. What does the construction of ceramic materials depend on? 10. Why are ceramic materials mass produced? 11. Why is the ceramic industry so important?

Откройте скобки, использую правильную форму глагола и переведите предложения.

1. Last year our plant (produced, produces) many ceramic goods which (are used, were used) widely. 2. At first man (baked, has baked) vessels of clay in the sun. 3. Recently ceramic compounds (are used, have been used) even in making steel. 4. Numerous analyses (have been carried out, had been carried out) before they stated the exact composition of this compound. 5. Now many scientists (are working, work) at the investigation of the new properties of ceramics. 6. Many new discoveries (took place, have taken place) since the last century. 7. Last week they (analysed, analyse) crystal structure of those new materials by means of X-ray diffraction. 8. For many years considerable work (has been carried out, was carried out) to convert ethylene into motor fuel. 9. Many beautiful articles made of ceramics (provided, provides) man with tools even in ancient time.

Переведите предложения из Active в Passive и наоборот. Перевести их на русский язык.

1. Physics and chemistry are taught by pupils in senior forms.

2. They appointed him Rector two years ago. 3. Almost all branches of chemistry will be enriched by this new theory. 4. This problem is being discussed by many scientists in our country. 5. We didn’t use this substance in our experiment because of its many impurities. 6. The scientists have noted the ability of chlorine dioxide to react with water. 7. An atom is observed by chemists as the smallest particle of any substance.