2015-03-07
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alter v - изменять(ся); менять(ся); видоизменять
availability of credit - размер кредита, разрешенного к получению
Incurve n - кривая (линия); дуга
demand curve - кривая спроса
falling demand - понижающийся спрос
fixed costs - фиксированные расходы
full demand - полноценный спрос
graph n - график, диаграмма
hinder v - задерживать, затруднять, мешать, препятствовать
incur costs - нести издержки
insurance premium - страховые взносы
intersect v - пересекаться; перекрещиваться
irregular demand - неравномерный спрос
latent demand - скрытый спрос
marginal costs - предельно высокая себестоимость
market equilibrium - равновесие рынка
negative demand - отрицательный спрос
overfull demand - завышенный спрос
overhead costs - накладные расходы
profit margin - размер прибыли
property tax - налог на доход с недвижимого имущества
short run - короткий период времени
supply curve - кривая предложения
supply schedule - схема/график предложения
total costs - валовые/суммарные издержки
variable costs - переменные издержки на единицу продукции
11Answer the questions.
1. What is market equilibrium?
2. What factors determine demand?
3. What measures should be taken in the case of falling demand?
4. What is the difference between full demand and overfull demand?
5. What brings about changes in the market equilibrium?
6. What is the difference between fixed costs and variable costs?
7. What is the relation between the price and the supply?
12* Decide whether the statements are true or false.
1. Market equilibrium occurs when the supply and demand for a product are equal.
2. For most goods and services the demand will increase as price increases.
3. The demand for a product is influenced only by price.
4. The task of demarketing is to find ways to reduce the demand temporarily or permanently.
5. Supply is concerned with the firm's or producer's side of the market.
6. The quantity supplied of a good will increase as price falls.
7. The supply of goods is not affected by changes in the costs of production.
8. Variable costs are usually associated with interest payments and state property taxes.
9. The sum of fixed and variable costs of production is called the total costs.
10. Price is the major factor influencing supply of a product.
13* Complete the following sentences by choosing the one correct variant (a, b or c) that best completes the sentence.
1. Price in a market is determined by ___________.
a. the number of consumers
b. supply and demand forces
с government policy
2. Market equilibrium occurs when_________.
a. demand is higher than supply
b. demand is lower than supply
с the supply and demand for a product are equal
3. The desired demand is the information showing the amount of the product that___________.
a. consumers are willing to buy at different prices
b. consumers actually buy at a particular price
с consumers are hesitating to buy
4. Demand is concerned with____________.
a. producer's side of the market
b. the buying side of the market
c. production decisions
5. The average total costs of production are____________.
a. the sum of the average fixed costs and the marginal costs
b. the sum of the average variable costs and the marginal costs
c. the sum of the average fixed costs and the average variable costs
Unit 4. DISCUSSION
14* Read the following text and pick out the expressions in bold type to fill in the Useful Language box below, containing six sections for six language functions.
