INTRODUCTORY COURSE
Unit 1.
The A B C
A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I i J j K k L l M m | [eı] [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [ef] [ʤi:] [eıʧ] [ai] [ʤeı] [keı] [el] [em] | N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z | [en] [oυ] [pi:] [kjυ:] [a:] [es] [ti:] [jυ:] [vi:] ['dʌb(ə)ljuː] [eks] [waı] [zed] |
Звуки английского алфавита
Гласные звуки: [i:] [ı] [æ] [e] [ɑː] [ʌ] [ɔː] [ɔ] [u:] [u] [əː] [ə]
[eı] [aı] [ou] [au] [ɔı] [ıə] [ɛə] [uə]
Согласные звуки: [p] [b] [t] [d] [s] [z] [f] [v] [k] [g] [ʃ] [ʒ] [ʧ] [ʤ] [θ] [ð]
[l] [m] [n] [ŋ] [h] [r] [w] [j]
Ex. 1. Прочитайте следующие слова по буквам:
Surface, earth, cause, air, deposit, valley, flood, glacier, ice, weather, nature, environment, volcano, geology, erosion, quality, ecology, industry, pollution, environmental, safety, drought, plant, shower, humidity, lightning, water, wind, pour, south, north, west, east, climate, damage, ozone, acid, dangerous, human, flora, fauna, animal, recycle, temperature, conservation, protection, atmosphere, extinction, scientist, area, sea, pressure, habitant, wildlife, resources, species, ocean, island, equator.
Правила чтения | |
1. a–открытый слог [eı] закрытый слог [æ] | blame, fame, vale, blade, tape, lane, make, pale, sat, lamp, bad, fan, pan, lad, sand, van |
Прочитайте: lamp, stamp, lake, bad, late, plan, ale, date, vale, bat, nave, tape, pan, fan, blade, lane, cake, brake, wake, flake, cape, Sam, tram, can, bake, tack, glad, hat, maze, grace, trace, skate, sad, bag, Ann, game, sat, lamp | |
2. e–открытый слог [i:] закрытый слог [e] ee, ea [i:] | eve, me, mete, Pete, be net, lend, pen, spent, bent, left, let, bed, men lean, meat, eat, green, bean, please, street, feet |
Прочитайте: be, meat, deed, me, step, test, mend, pea, deal, leaf, mean, eve, mete, Pete, net, lend, bet, zeal, bead, keep, pen, spend, bent, sleep, bend, left, Bede, let, den, bed, east, feel, men, ten, best, eke, feed, fleet, leave, kept, slept, feet, met, melt, need, neat, send, zest, lead, see, sea | |
3. i, y–закрытый слог [ı] | if, nip, tip, fit, tin, kid, tint, is, did, 'system |
4. c–[s] перед e, i, y [k] в ост. случаях | 'pencil, space, 'sentence, cent, face, cist, cyst, trace, lace, place, ace, cell can, case, act, cane, cat, cake, candle, camp, clap |
Прочитайте: cat, can, space, face, lace, cap, cliff, cell, cent, clap, cyst, clean, 'pencil, 'cystic, cape, 'candle, camp, cane, 'cattle, clamp, cede, cease |
Ex. 2. Прочитайте следующие слова:
|
|
1. [i:] | 2. [ı] | 3. [i:]– [ı] | |
be – bead – beat | did – it | beat – bit | read – rid |
he – heed – heat | bid – bit | seat – sit | deed – did |
fee – feed – feet | lid – lit | feet – fit | lead – lid |
see – seed – seat | kid – kit | eat – it | teen – tin |
tea – teas – teeth | pill – pit | heap – hip | bean – bin |
pea – peas – peace | nib – nip | leak – lick | heel – hill |
knee – knees – niece | rib – rip | peak – pick | peel – pill |
Ex. 3. Прочитайте следующие слова:
1. [æ] | 2. [eı] | 3. [e] | |||
fan | hat | date | make | men | bed |
bag | lap | skate | nape | pen | pet |
lab | nap | late | sale | den | let |
cab | gas | plate | blame | press | bet |
pan | plan | state | vale | red | best |
ban | 'happen | fate | male | sell | mess |
ham | 'happy | made | place | fell | left |
bad | 'grammar | trade | lake | bell | 'settle |
Ex. 4. Прочитайте следующие слова:
1. [æ] – [e] | 2. [eı] | 3. [æ] – [eı] | ||
bat – bet | rat – red | graze – braze | pan – pane | tram – tame |
pat – pet | tan – ten | maze – craze | flat – late | mat – mate |
at – ate | man – men | ale – sale | can – cane | rat – rate |
bad – bed | sat – set | ape – tape | bat – bate | tap – tape |
lad – led | bag – beg | cape – crape | hat – hate | lamp – lane |
mat – met | Pat – pet | late – tale | glad – glade | fat – flake |
sad – send | Dan – den | save – sale | Sam – same | man – mane |
Ex. 5. Прочитайте следующие слова:
|
|
a) cist – cyst cab – cad – cam since – pence hence – trace
cell cent can – camp – cap mince – fence since – mince
b) bat – bet – bade ass – mess – mace man – men – mane
bad – bed – bade dam – den – dame cab – ken – cane
flat – let – late pan – pen – pane lamp – led – lane
c) bag – lag – hag – brag – crag
beg – leg – keg – peg – Greg
big – pig – brig – dig – jig
d) it – lid prim – brim trip – big him – grip it – did
bit – bid rip – rib strip – pin list – still kit – kid
nip – nib strip – trim miss – print rill – frill pin – bin