The Earth

Заняття 17.

THE EARTH

Планета Земля

Exercise 1. Прочитайте та запам’ятайте наступні слова та вирази:

to breathe v — дихати

hemisphere n — півкуля

terrestrial - земляній

axis - вісь

rotate - 1) обертатися; 2) змінювати(ся) по черзі

revolve - а) обертати; повертати(ся) б) обертатися;

average - 1) середній; 2) звичайний

revolution - 1) круговий рух,обертання 2) цикл

eccentricity - 1) ексцентричність, своєрідний; екстравагантність, оригінальність

variation - 1 ) а) зміна, коливання(наприклад температури); б) широта (коливань) 2) вид, різновид;

tilt - нахил

ray - промінь

straight - прямий

Exercise 2. Прочитайте та перекладіть наступний текст:

THE EARTH

The Earth is a planet. It rotates on its axis, revolves around the Sun and moves with the Sun through space. The Earth gets its warm and light from the Sun. All around the Earth is atmosphere. We breathe it, and it gives us our weather. The air is always moving. The movements of the air make our winds. Small drops of water in the air form clouds. And as the clouds move about they bring us rain and snow and storms.

The equatorial diameter of the Earth is 12,756 kilometers. The Earth is like a sphere, but flat at the poles.

The weight of the Earth is the figure 6 followed by 21 zeros if count in tons.

The terrestrial globe revolves on its axis for 24 hours. When the terrestrial globe faces to the Sun, we can see sunlight and we have day. When terrestrial globe turns away from the Sun's light, we have night. When our part begins to turn toward the Sun and we see the first sunlight, we call it morning. When we are facing the Sun most directly, it is noon. When the Earth begins to turn away from the Sun, we have afternoon and evening, and night.

The average speed revolution of the Earth round the Sun is 29,8 kilometers per second. The small eccentricity the orbit of the Earth does the little difference in its speed, but there is a difference; in the length of the seasons because of this variation.

The Earth takes 365 '/4 days to travel around the Sun. This makes our year. As the Earth travels around, first one pole then the other is tilted toward the Sun. When the North Pole tilts toward the Sun, the rays of the Sun fall straighter down on the northern half of the world. It is warmer and it has its summer (June, July and August). It also has longer days, because it turns to the Sun more of the time. When the South Pole is toward the Sun, the southern half of the world is warmer, and it has its summer (December, January and February). Then the northern half is getting less direct sunshine, because it tilts away from the Sun. It has shorter days. It has winter. The seasons between them we call spring and autumn.

Exercise 3. Дайте відповіді на запитання

1. What is the Earth?

2. How fast is the Earth?

3. When do we have night and day?

4. How fast does the Earth travel around the Sun?

5. What seasons does the Earth have?

Exercise 4. Перекладіть подані речення Українською мовою:

1. It takes the Earth 24 hours to rotate round its axis. 2. It takes 540 calories to change one gram of boiling water at 100 °C into steam at the same temperature. 3. It takes about 80 calories to change one gram of ice at 0 °C into water at the same temperature. 4. Nothing moves faster than light. It takes light only one second to move 3 00,000 kilometers. 5. How long does it take you to get home from the Institute? It took me 2 hours to make the last experiment. 7. It will take you about 2 hours to go by air from Kiev to London.

Exercise 5. Перекладіть терміни (noun+noun) Українською мовою:

1. picture tube

2. range

3.finder

4. fire adjustment

5. peak energy

6. load capacity

7. antenna

8.gain

9. wind tunnel

10. water space