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Choose which statement is true.

1. The track in an interstation tunnel rests upon a bed of: a) concrete; b) crushed rock; c) reinforced concrete sleepers.

2. The sleepers for an underground railroad track may be of the following length: a) 0.9 m; b) 2.7 m, c) 1.5 m

3. The trains are inspected and examined at: a) stations, b) dead-ends; c) exits

4. The station structure with flat panel floors involves:

a) columns; b) beams; c) arch vault; d) flat walls; e) reinforced concrete slab

5. The quantity index for an underground station, located near a terminal, is rated from a) 30% b) 50% c) 100% of total train capacity. Say why?

Translate the sentences using the necessary English equivalents.

1. Security-related measures can help metro (предотвращать) and handle incidents. Passengers can avoid panic and confusion, if metro operators are concerned with passengers (безопасность).

2. The Tube has its flaws. In particular, (поездка) in the peak periods, it is often crowded and unpleasant, and almost all the lines have sections where the trains are overcrowded. In several places, the existing system cannot cope with (наплыв пассажиров) in peak hours.

3. By reducing (дорожно-транспортные пробки) the metro is seen as an important contribution to public transport links. The quality of metro services must remain (конкурентный) with the car and attract a larger share of passengers.

4. Tube operators want to make its 253 stations fully accessible for (инвалиды).

5. Train fleets will be enlarged by the addition of new (поездные секции), with air conditioning and interconnecting gangways between cars.

6. The tunnel system mainly consists of two (однопутный) tunnels with two train-crossover sections in the so called multifunctional stations. Along the tunnel, cross passages are located approximately every 325 m; the horizontal distance between the tube axes varies between 40 and 70 m.

Unit 22

TUNNEL MAINTENANCE