Did he have to do it? He did not have to do it

In negative sentences to have to denotes absence of necessity /

e.g. You don't have to go there. (Вам не нужно/нет необходимо- сти идти гуда.)

§ 94. In spoken English the meaning of obligation and necessi- ty is also expressed by have (has) got to. Like the verb to have to, it is found in all kinds of sentences and is combined with the sim- ple infinitive.

e.g. He has got to go right now. Has he got to go right now? He hasn't got to go just yet.

This combination may also be found in the past tense, though it is not very common.

e.g. He had got to sell his car.

§ 95. Note the set phrase had better.

e.g. A few drops began to fall. "We'd better take shelter," she

said. (Нам лучше укрыться.)

She didn't like to say that she thought they had better not play cards when the guest might come in at any moment.

Had better is followed by the infinitive without to.

to be to

§ 96. To be to

e.g. We are to meet at six.

To be to as a modal verb has the following meanings:

1) a previously arranged plan or obligation resulting from the

arrangement,

e-g. We are to discuss it next time.

We were to discuss it the following week.

This meaning of to be to is found in affirmative and interro- gative sentences in the present and past tenses. To be to is fol- lowed by the simple infinitive.

The past tense of the verb to be to + Perfect infinitive = unfulfilled plan.

e.g. I promised to go to a club with her last Tuesday, and I really forgot all about it. We were to have played a duet together.

Orders and instructions, often official (frequently in report- ed speech),

e.g. I just mention it because you said I was to give you all the

details I could.

In this meaning to be to is found in affirmative and negative sentences and followed by the simple infinitive.

Something that is destined to happen,

e.g. He was to be my teacher and friend for many years to come.

It occurs in affirmative and negative sentences and is followed by the simple infinitive.