2015-08-12
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Note. To express supposition implying strong probability with negative mean- ing, in addition to attitudinal adverbs, the following means are employed:
e.g. He must have failed to get in touch with her. He must have misunderstood you. He must be unaware of that. He must never have guessed the truth.
No one must have told him about it.
§ 90. Note the following set phrases with must.
a) Must needs denotes obligation.
e.g. He must needs go there. (Он непременно должен пойти туда.)
b) / must be going and / must be off both mean 'it is time for me to go* (in Russian Мне порауходить).
c) / must tell you that... and / must say... are stereotyped phrases in which the meaning of obligation is considerably weak- ened in must.
d) In the sentences: You must come and see me some time. You must come and have dinner with me. You must come to our party. You must come and stay with us for the week end and the like, the meaning of obligation in must is also weakened. Must has become part of such sentences which are a common way of ex- pressing invitations.
To have to
e.g. He is an invalid and has to have a nurse. She knew what she had to do. I shall have to reconsider my position. He is always having to exercise judgement/
\
The interrogative and negative forms of the modal verb to have to are built up by means of the auxiliary verb to do.1
e.g. Why do I have to do everything? Did he have to tell them about it? "That's all right," she said. "I just thought I'd ask. You
don't have to explain." There was a grin on his face. He did not have to tell me that
he already knew.
The verb to have to serves to express obligation or neces- sity imposed by circumstances. It is rendered in Russian as прихо- дится, вынужден.
In this meaning it is found in all kinds of sentences — af- firmative, interrogative and negative — and is combined only with the simple infinitive.
e.g. He had to do it.
