2015-08-21
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| Could/ Might | I/we/you/they/he/she/it | carry out?/turn off?/leave? |
| Was/were | I/we/you/they/he/she/it | (a) scientist(s)? |
| Had | I/we/you/they/he/she/it | a lab class yesterday? |
For example:
· Could you work under these circumstances?
· Was your grandfather a scientist?
· Had you any problems while testing a new device?
Spelling
| The verb ending | Changes | Examples |
| -e | only - d is added | to measure – measured |
| -y, preceded by a consonant | -y is changed into -–i and -ed | to apply – applied |
| a one-syllable verb ends in a single consonant (except c, w, z), preceded by a short vowel | the final consonant is doubled and - ed is added | to stop – stopped |
Remember: Irregular past tense forms must be memorized because they are not related to simple forms in any predictable way.
For example:
| leave – left become – became make – made spend – spent | He left the battery on charge an hour ago. The object became positively charged. A.Volta made a battery from alternating layers of zink and copper. Last week Alex spent a lot of time in the laboratory. |
1. Fill in the table.
| Noun | Verb | Adjective | Adverb | Translation | Transcription |
| electricity | |||||
| (in) isolation (from), (U) | isolated | [‚aIsq′leISqn] | |||
| nucleus nuclei | nuclear | ядро (а), ядерный | [′nju:klIqs] (n.sing.) [′nju:klIaI] (n.pl.) [′njukliq] (adj) | ||
| transmit | |||||
| изобретение | |||||
| amount | amount to | ||||
| include | |||||
| provide | |||||
| shell | оболочка | ||||
| inner | |||||
| particularly | [pq′tIkjulqli] | ||||
| outer | |||||
| average | [′xvqrIG] | ||||
| power | |||||
| enable (smb/smth to do smth) | [I′neIbql] | ||||
| flexible | |||||
| transform |
2. Read and translate the following international words:
Nouns (n): association, centre, characteristic, colleague, conference, contact, cooperation, fundamentals, international, mass, neutron, orbit, proton, reaction, reactor, specialist, sphere, synthetics, system, technician, theory, university, valency = valence.
Adjectives (adj): characteristic, chemical, electrical, electronic, elementary, experimental, fundamental, official, practical, socialist, theoretical, unique.
Adverbs (adv): experimentally, fundamentally, officially, practically, theoretically.
Verbs (v): cooperate, orbit, theorize, contact.
3. What does the - ed sound like? If you are not sure, consult the table from Unit 3.
amplified, attracted, described, rectified, employed, obtained, compared, emitted, conducted, occurred, showed, switched, produced, developed, heated, increased, tested, added, charged, explained, limited, insulated, placed.
4. Put in the missing words, using the words from the previous units and the table above.
1. Our laboratory …a new semiconductor device last year.
2. In each atom there is a …, containing a number of protons and a number of neutrons.
3. Each electron has a negative electrical ….
4. Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in … in the 18th century.
5. Wood is an excellent ….
6. Matter is a term that traditionally refers to the … that all objects are made of.
7. The atoms of any … element all have the same … mass.
8. A molecule is the smallest … of a substance that can retain (сохранять) the characteristic properties of that substance.
9. The … shell of any atom is called its valence shell.
10. Electricity is made by converting some form of energy into flowing electrons at the … plant.
11. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at that time … industry and society.
