2015-09-06
292
Traditional Military
Generosity toward the weak
Swordsmanship
Leather armor, swords, bows and arrows
Fairness
Modern Military
Military uniforms
Loyalty to the Emperor
Use of guns and canons
Development of a navy
Both
Honor
Reverence to the gods
Dying an honorable death
Reckless Courage
Bravery
Loyalty
L.5
Social Reforms
• Universal compulsory elementary education
• Universities established
• Westernization of many laws
/// Social Changes
Adoption of Western architecture, fashions, music, and literary styles (magazines and novels)
Diversity of intellectual and political thought
Growing independence and empowerment of women
Movement of peasants from countryside to factories Social Changes and Continuities
• Universal education system stressing science, technology, and loyalty to the nation.
• Adopted western fashions in dress, personal care, calendar, metric system •
Urbanization led to smaller families, high divorce rate
Changes: Continuities:
• Shintoism gained followers
•Women still seen as inferior
• Manners, formalities, and diet remained constant
/// Strains of Modernization strain
Синонимы: pull, tension
Problems:
•Poor living standards existed in crowded cities
•Political differences led to instability and frequent assassinations of leaders
•Constant questioning and debate about Westernization
•Disgruntled Samuarai class
• Need for raw materials
Solutions:
•Urged loyalty to the Emperor as a center of national identity
|
|
|
•Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895
•Russo-Japanese War 1904
•Imperialism in Korea: Annexed in 1910
REGIONAL AND WORLD CONSECUENCES
THE BORN OF JAPANESE IMPERIALISM
Imperialization of Japan
• Why?
– Lack of fertile land for agriculture
– Markets for finished products
– Need for the raw materials of industry
– Population growth
– Response to Western imperialism
//// Meiji Japan at War
First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)
Gained:
Formosa (Taiwan)
Liaotung Peninsula (Manchuria) – soon forced to relinquish it
Sphere of influence in Korea
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
Destruction of Russian fleet ВМ флота
Finally respected as a world power
Treaty of Portsmouth, 1905
U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt won Noble Peace Prize
Japan was granted the southern part of Sakhalin Island and a large sphere of influence in Manchuria
Annexation of Korea (1910)
World War I
Joined Allies
Received Germany’s mandates over Asian islands and its leases in the Shantung Peninsula
/// Lawrence, KS — The art of Japan’s Meiji period (1868-1912), on exhibition at The Spencer
Museum of Art, reflects a story of transformation, adaptation, and rapid change set against a world of increasing globalization. Literally meaning “enlightened rule,” the Meiji period began after the forced opening of trade in 1853 by American Commodore Matthew Perry and his fleet of “black ships,” the term used by the Japanese to describe the U.S. vessels. After two and a half centuries of near isolation, the opening of Japan’s borders created both opportunity and internal conflict. To successfully transition into a world of growing globalization, Japan adopted many institutions and practices from Western nations, with the government employing foreign experts to assist in education and training of professionals, government officials, and the military. At the same time, many Japanese felt (feel-past present) it crucial to maintain their traditions and culture in the face of rapid national transformations.
/// Which nation surprisingly has a sphere of influence in China?
