В прямой и косвенной речи
Прямая речь | Косвенная речь | Прямая речь | Косвенная речь |
can could may might must should is to | could had been able to might might must should was to | are to was to were to have to has to ought need | were to was to were to had to had to ought need |
МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ
TO BE TO / TO HAVE TO
Глаголы to be и to have могут употребляться в предложении в функции модальных, если после них следует инфинитив с частицей to. При этом они имеют следующие значение:
to be to – должен, надо в силу договоренности или заранее намеченного плна (в настоящем или прошедшем времени)
They are to retrn in a day- Они должны вернуться через день.
to have to – должен, надо, приходится в силу внешних обстоятельств (в любом времени)
They had to come earlier - Им пришлось придти раньше.
I wonder – интересно
После выражения I wonder употребляется прямой порядок слов.
I wonder if she knows it. → Интересно, знает ли она это.
I wonder what he said. → Интересно, что он сказал.
Do you think
После выражения Do you think употребляется прямой порядок слов.
Do you think the problem is difficult? – Как вы думаете, это сложная проблема?
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Косвенная речь может вводиться следующими глаголами:
to answer – ответить to add – добавить to explain – объяснять to advise – советовать to recommend – рекомендовать to suggest – предлагать to complain – жаловаться to warn – предупреждать to point out – указывать | to inform – сообщать to think – думать to reply – отвечать to boast – хвастаться to protest – протестовать to insist – настаивать to declare – объявлять to promise – обещать |
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 1. Переведите прямую речь в косвенную.
КЛЮЧ | |
Boris Rogov said: My name is Boris Rogov. I left school last year. I entered the University. I am a student. I am doing History. We study many subjects at the University. I have been learning English for five years. I’ll become a research worker after graduating from the University. | He said his name was Boris Rogov. He said he had left school the year before. He said he had entered the University. He said he was a student. He said he was doing History. He said they studied many subjects at the University. He said he had been learning English for five years. He said he would become a research worker after graduating from the University. |
УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 2. Укажите, как изменяется глагол при переводе из прямой речи в косвенную.
КЛЮЧ | |
I have long been dreaming of a teaching career but not everything went smoothly on the path to realizing this dream. This is the second time. I’ m taking my entrance examinations. Last year my composition was poor and I was not admitted. And, naturally, I continued to prepare for the exams and attended the preparatory course at the Teachers’ Training Institute. All institutes have such course for applications. | had been dreaming had gone that was was taking the year before had been had not been admitted had continued had attended had |