Wordbuilding exercises

Ex. 1. l) Find the roots of the words;

2) Say what parts of speech the words are:

investigation, responsibility, securitv. to retrain, periodically, lawless. convicting, maintenance. enforcement, fighting, investigative, greater. instructor, independent. the larszest, existence, identifyinu. dancerous, equipment, criminological, carefUlIv. locating.

Ex. 2. Read and translate the following adjectives. Use a dictionary If necessary.

defensive, investigative, administrative, prosecutive, objective, instructive, communicative, talkative, exclusive, comparative;

technical, criminological, federal, internal, criminal, periodical. practical, divisional, special, material, commercial, additional;

3) -ory, -ary supervisorv, compulsorv, primary, necessary, unsatisfactory, voluntary, contradictory. elementary:

dangerous, suspicious, various, serious, numerous, obvious. enormous, cautious, famous;

scientific, atomic. basic. domestic, historic, democratic. aristocratic;

6) -ant, -ent different, sufficient, constant, independent, innocent, competent, persistent, evident, confident, permanent;

lawless, victitnless, harmless, aimless, fearless. homeless, useless. helpless; careful, successful. useíül, fruitful, peaceful;

responsible, identifiable. innpenetrable, available, inevitable valuable, suitable, reliable, desirable, admissible.

Ex. 4. Read and translate the verbs and their derivatives:

to investigate investigator investigation investigative investigating; to response responsible responsibility; to administer admi n istration administrative administering;

(o examine exarnmatlon examined; to defend - defendant — detcnsive; to identifv identification — identity identified; to depend — dependent — independent dependence independence; to collect collection — collecting:

to enforceenforcement torce; to operateoperation operating cooperation; to preserve preservation preserved; to fight — tight — fighter fighting; to tram traililn" retraining; 10 endanger danger — dangerous; to locate location; to secure secuvitv, to add addition additional.

Infinitive (HHIÞhHhTHB)

IdHd)MHHTUB 3T0 HeJIHHHaq d)opMa rnarona, KOTOPaq Ha3h1-BaeT neÜCTBhe H B pyccK0M fl3blKe C00TßeTCTBveT Heonpene„qeHHoö1 (þopMe

(RHIÞHHHTØBV), KOTOPag OT8eqae•r Ha Borrpocbl: "'HTO AenaTb'?'

'wro CAenaTb?" to read — qwta•rs, npot1HTaTb to investigate — PaCCneAOBaTb to detect — pa3b1CKaTb, Pa.3b1CK'1BaTb Формальным признаком инфинитива является частица to, ОД]иКО частица to перед инфинитивом в некоторых случаях опускается.

E.g. must learn how to 1ind the c.riminal as quickly as possible.

Инфинитив в предложении может быть:

1. Подлежащим:

То detect the crimina1 is very often not ап easy task.

(Разыскать преступника — это очень часто нелегкая задача).

2. Составной частью сказзиемого:

Т Не main duty ofmilitia offlcers is to tight crime.

(Главная обязанность сотрудника милиции это бороться с преступностью).

З, Дополнением:

At our College we are aIso taught to find evidcnce.

(В институте нас также учат находить улики).

4. Определением:

Нс had по intcntion to commit а criminal act.

(У него не было намерения совершить преступное деяние).

5. Обстоятельством цели:

I entered the Moscow Law lnstitute (io order) to hecome а good lawycr.

(Я поступил в МЮИ, чтобы стать хорошим юристом).

Инфинитив имеет формы залога (Active, Passive), а также формы в емепи Inde6nite, Continuous, Perfect:

Наиболее распространенными являются формы lndefmite lnfmitive Active и Passive. Остальные формы инфинитива встречаются значительно реже.

1. То elect and to be elected is the right of every citizen. (Избирать и быть избранным — право каждого гражданина).

2. The delegation is said to have lea Moscow. (Говорят, делегаиия уехала из Москвы).

З. Не cannot be studying at such а iate hour. (Не может быть, чтобы он занимался в такой поздний час),

4. He is known to have been working on this problem tor many vears. (U3BeCTHO, 'ITO OH paõ0Taev np06J1eMoV1 B regeHue MHOFHX ner).

5. He is happy to have been invited there. (OH cqac.TJIHB. 'ITO ero npHraacø.'1" myna).

Passive Infinitive B (þYHKULfH onpeneneHHH.

FlaccMBHb1ñ HH(þfiHMTHB, CT0flL_uHii nocne CyueCTBHTeJ1bHOrO, 06b1'-1BO tiepeBOJ15,tTCH flPHAa10¶Hb1M C O'rree-1KOM MOAU1bHOCTH, B KOTOPO,M AeìicTBMe, BblPíl)KL'HHOe MH{þHHHThBOM, COBepwaercq liail JIHUOM Wild npcLiMeT0M, K KOTOPOMY OHO OTHOCHTC¶.

E.g. The case to he investigated by this young officer is rather difficult. (AeJ10, KOTOpoe Õb1Tb pacc.neaogaeo 3"1M MOJIOLtb(M CJueAOBa-reaemt, aOBOY1bllO

Ex. 4. Translate the Sentences:

The evidence to be found at a crime scene is very important for the investigation.

2. The report to be written bv the investigator must include all he facts collected during the investiaation.

3 The crime to be -investigated bv Scotland Yard occurred on the Thames.

4. The criminal case to be tried by our district court next week is much spoken of in our city.

S. Justice in this country to be administered equally bv judges often depends on the sum of monev a person has.

6. He spoke of the problems to be settled in the nearest future. The article to be discussed by the students is about the Ameri-can Constitution.

Complex Object. (Objective with the Infinitive)

CJIOHHoe (06beKTHb1fi nane)K C MB(þHHhTHBOM)

BRTe]1bHoro C HHQ)HHHTHBOM npeAcraBAHeT coÕoü 110110jlk1e11He n nepeB0Awrc¶ Ha pyccKH1i H3bfK 11011011HqreJ1bHblM npeAITO)KeHaeM.

want him to help me.

xoqy, RT06b' OH no,uor MHe.

He supposes this young man an honest fellow.

OH nonaraeT, 'ITO yror MOJOAOii qe.[10BeR — qeCTHb1Ü napeHb.

nonomaenqe yno-rpe6J1fleTcq nocne rnar0J10B, Bblpa}Kaf0 )Ke.qaHHe, BOC[1PMHTMe nocpeACTBOM opraHOB HYBCTB, npe,anonož-Ke-

HHC'.

to see (BHAeTb) to watch, to observe (Ha6ÃIEOAtrrb) to notice (3aMeqaTb) to hear (cj'bnna-rs) to feel (YYBCTBOBaTb) to want (XOTeTb) to wish, 10 desire ()KenaTb) should like (xo•ren 6M) like (Ji106HTb, HpaBHTbCH) to expect (O)KVIAaTb) to think (AYMa•rs) to believe (nonaraTb, ct(HTaT6) to suppose (nonaran,) to consider (cqqra•rb) to find (HaXOAH1b. ctlHTaTb) T.A.

FIOCJIC rnar0J108, cþngnqecKoe eocnpuyrue, to nepen on vcKae-rcq.

I saw him cross the street

Sl BH,WI, '-Ito OH nepenle.'l YJlHuy.

Translate the sentences with the Complex Object: suppose him to be about thirtv.

2. He believes his parents to be at home now.

3. I don't consider him to be an honest man.

4. The teacher found him to bc a very clever student.

5. The witness saw that woman enter the house.

6. The police officer wanted the young man to be invited here.

7. I should like you to tell the truth.

8. The students liked the lessons to be conducted in the lab.

9. The investigator expected him to give ail the information about ff]at {^tact,

10. We believe the prevention of crime to be one of the main functions ofmilitia,

l l. “fhe policeman saw the crimina] гип awav.

We conslder the traces to be verv important for the investigation.

13. We а11 know him to be а highly qualified detec1ive.

Complex Subjeet. (Nominative with the lnfinitive)

(Сможное (именительный падеж с инфинитивом)

Подпежтиее (сутцсствительное ипи местоимение) с инфиНИГИВОМ, СТОяШИМ после сказуемого. выражснного глаголом в страдательном залоге или глаголами to seem (казаться), to be 1ikely (вероятно), то be unlikeJv (маловероятно), to be certain (определенно), [о prove (оказываться), to happen (случаться) и др., прец-сгавляет собой оборот ' •именительный падеж с инфинитивом“ или ”СЛОЖПОе подлежашее". Перевод предложения со СЛОЖНым подлежащим следует начинать со сказуемого, которое переводится на русский язык безличным или неопределенно-личным предложением (говорят, известно, считают, полагают. кажется. слычается и т.д.); в придаточном предложении инфинитив становится сказ»е.мым.

1. Не is said to studv at thc University. Говорят. что он учится в университете.

2. Books by Сопап Doyle аге knovv•n to have Ьееп tran.slated in our

C.ountry. Известно, что КНиги Конан Дойля переведены в нашей сгра-

3. 1'his case ts unlikelv to be investigatcd quicklv. Маловероятно, что это дело будет расследовано быстро.

4. Не seenns [о be investigating that complicated case. Кажется, он расследует то сложное дело.

Translatc thc sentences with the Complex Subject:

That evidence proved (0 бе very important.

2. 0ur raws асе known со protect the interests of а]! the реор\е.

З. Не was expected to arrive in the moming.

4. That irwcstigator is considered to бе ап experienced lm,vver.

5. The crime is reported [о have Ьееп committed Ь» а group young реор(е.

6. The British Constitution is considered unwritten because il is not codified as a whole in any particular document.

7. The police officer happened to be present at the crime scene at the moment of the commission of the offense.

8. Criminality is considered to bc a social phenomenon.

9. f happened to be there at that time.

10. The investigator is expected to solve the crime quickly.

1 1. The criminal investigation department is considered to be one of the most complicated mihitia services.

Ex. 7. Read and translate the following sentences paying attenticni to the Infinitive and Infinitive Constructions:

In America a complicated machinery is necessary to alter the Constitution whereas in England it is rather easy to alter the laws.

2. The English Constitution is considered to be flexible because; Parliament can "make or unmake" any law rather easily,

3. To alter the Constitution it is not necessary to have a complicated machinery in Engtand, so all laws can be altered with case.

4. In theolY the Sovereign in the United Kingdom is regarded to be an active party to the making of laws, but in practice he has a shadowy veto.

5. In order to understand English Constitutional law you should study numerous documents, various statutes, judicial decisions and others.

6. Though the king is supposed to be the nominal Sovereign, any particular Parliament during the period of its existence is le-gailv supreme.

7, The correctional establishments are supposed to rehabilitate the offenders through labour.

8. Most of historians regard the US Constitution to be a conservative document.

9. This evidence proved to have helped the investigator in solving the crime.

10. The people watched the policeman protect the crime scene.

This young man is unlikely to have committed a crime.

12. These facts are expected to help identify the offender.

13. The person to be interviewed is supEX)sed to have witnessed the crime.

Ex, 8. Repeat the following words after the speaker:

a) bureau. violations, security. inquiries, responsibilities, to handle, justice, convictions, special. division. lawless, extortion, impenetrable. intimidation, briberv. gambling, narcotics, squads, sufficient, prosecutive, cooperation, vital- supervises, employees, tilgitive, efforts, to locate, to apprehend, prisoners, deserters:

b) identification, fingerprints, to maintain, dangerous, through, minor, agency, identifvin'3, various, laborat01v, criminological. approximatelv, scienti/ic, examinations, equipmenl, agents, technical, specialized, detèndants, material, occasions, to suspect. to committ- intelligence, threat;

c) communications, valuable, leads, maintenance, major, headquar(ers, radio, commercial, facilities, records, personnel. sources, academv. retraining, periodically, althouuh, various, sciences. emphasis, techniques, procedure, preservation. thorouah, firearms, conimunnies;

d) administrative, responsibilities, expenditures, appropriation. to recruit, to assign, experienced, performance, improvement, practices, jurisdiction. anti-racketeering, energy, robbery, embezzlement. bankruptcy, bribery. espionage, fraud, internal. theft,

Ex. 9. Repeat the tbllowinu word combinations after thc speaker:

a) Federa] Bureau of Investigation; to handle diflèrent investigations; internal securitv; tèderal criminal violations: civil inquiries; the FBI responsibilities; 10 result in conviction: organized crime: gamblinz•, narcotics•, prostitution. extortion: built on fëar, intimidation, bribery, and force; highlv trained FBI agents; to bring to justice; to collect sufficient evidence; to build a strong prosecuting casc; to fight against organized crime; local entGrce-mcnt acencies•, fugitive investigations; to locate and apprehend escaped prisoners;

b) Identification Division; the largest collection of fingerprints, a dangerous fugitive wanted; through fingerprint identification; the onlv means of identifving victims: the greatest criminological laboratory; to make a scientific examination: special agents with specialized training; to solve crimes; to convict defendams: an the basis or material evidence; to prove the innocence of persons; to suspect of having committed crimes; to pose a threat to:

c) valuable leads; the files of taw enforcement agencies; to provide contact; Crime Records Division; to study the information on crime; retraining courses; practical skills and techniques; the collection, identification and preservation ofphvsical evidcnce; in danger,

d) major responsibilities; to recruit and assign the personnek to fulfil the various functions of the FBI; within the FBI jurisdiction; bank robberv and embezzlement; briberv and extortion; fraud against the government; internal security; theft of gov-crnment property.

Ex. 10. Read and translate the following international words:

a) bureau, criminal, civil, interest, agents, to result, special, divi-sion. organized, narcotics, prostitution. to operate, justice, cooperation, local, deserter.

b) identification, collection. arrest, police. agency, to identifÿ, labo: ratorv, criminological, technical, specialized, training, basis. material:

c) communications, control, teletvpe, contact, radio, commercial. personnel. information, to train, instruction, courses, periodicallv, theory. practical, techniques, physical, tactics, extreme, siluation, police, nations:

d) administrative, operation, limits. function, cornpetent. inspec-tion. practice, jurisdiction, anti-racketeering, atomic, energy, bankruptcy, esionage. Ex. 1 1. Read the text.

Text "A".

Federal Bureau of Investigation,