The structure of the USA government

Контрольное задание по дисциплине

«Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции»

Для студентов ЗФО

 

1 вариант А-Л

 

2 вариант М-С

 

3 вариант Т-Я

 

 

Вариант 1

1). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Present Continuous:

1. Excuse me, I am looking for a phone box.

2. Look! Is it snowing outside?

3. The population of the world is rising very fast.

2). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Past Continuous:

1. We saw an accident when we were waiting for the bus.

2. The door of his room was open; his mother was still standing at the window.

3. When her father came in she was siting before a red tea table, finishing a very good tea.

4. Next day, while he was shaving he cut himself slightly.

3). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Future Continuous:

1. Don't ring her up at 12 o'clock. She will be writing a composition then.

2. Let's wait here; Tower Bridge will be opening in a min­ute to let that ship through.

3. At this time next week they will be sitting in the train on their way to Moscow.

4). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты:

1. We tried hard but we couldn't persuade them.

2. The fishing boat sank, but fortunately the fisherman was able to swim to the shore.

3. «It must be an interesting discussion», said my col­league.

4. Last night Den suddenly became ill. We had to call the doctor.

5). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните модальные глаголы, выражающие должен­ствование или их эквиваленты:

1. A man should help his parents when they become old.

2. The girl had to take care other younger sister and brothers.

3. My parents were not at home and I had to look after my little sister.

4. You must go or you will be late for the first lesson.

6). Перепишите следующие глаголы, переведите их, образуйте от них причастие I (Participle 1):

to sign to stay

to produce to sweep

to fly to shave

to stand to wear

to shoot to count

7). Перепишите следующие причастия II. Укажите инфинитив глаголов, от которых они образованы, переведите его:

bought understood

fulfilled smelt

taken spread

taught sold

worn fallen

8). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Present Perfect:

1. Susan has made a new dress for her birthday party.

2. The sun has not risen yet, but the sky in the east is get­ting lighter every minute.

3. Oh, how dark it is! A large black cloud has covered the sky.

9). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Past Perfect:

1. When John and I got to the theatre, the play had already started.

2. He understood the book only after he had read it again.

3. His smile was something she had never seen before.

10). Перепишите предложения, переведите их, подчерк­ните глагол-сказуемое в Future Perfect.

1. I shall have written my composition by the time you come back.

2. We've got five days in St. Petersburg: we are leaving on Monday; but I'm sure that we shall have seen everything of im­portance by then.

3. They will have done half of the journey when they reach the Volga.

11). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое. Укажите в каком времени и в каком залоге он употреблен:

1. The lecturer was listened to with great attention.

2. I heard that he had bought a new car.

3. - Have you ever spend your holidays in the Crimea? -Yes, Ann and I spent holidays in the Crimea two years ago.

4. I shall have done all my homework by the time he comes.

5. The clock is being repaired now.

12). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их. Укажите тип придаточного предложения. Подчеркните союзы или союзные слова, вводящие придаточные предло­жения:

1. Martha said that John always came home to lunch.

2. Could you tell me where I should pay for my purchase?

3. Some of the questions that were put to the lecturer yes­terday were very important.

13). Перепишите и письменно переведите текст «The structure of the USA government». Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

subdivision - подразделение;

township-район;

judicial - судебная;

to be vested in - принадлежать;

majority of voters - большинство голосов;

a resident - житель;

no matter - вне зависимости.

 

THE STRUCTURE OF THE USA GOVERNMENT

The United States of America is a federation of 50 states which was established by the Constitution in 1787. Each state has its own government and its own capital city and within each state there are smaller subdivisions of local government such as coun­ties, townships, cities and villages.

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

The federal government of the United States is divided into three main branches: the legislative, the executive and the judi­cial. The legislative branch of the government is the Congress. The function of the legislative branch of the government is to make laws and to finance the operation of the government through gathering taxes and appropriating money requested by the executive branch of the government.

The executive branch, which includes the President, vice-president, and the President's cabinet, is responsible for admin­istering and executing the laws.

The judicial branch of the federal government consists of the Supreme Court of the United States and the system of federal courts. It has the responsibility of judging the constitutionality of acts of law.

THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

The legislative branch if the U.S. government is vested in the Congress. The Congress of the U.S. is composed of the Sen­ate and the House of Representatives. The term of the Congress is for two years.

THE SENATE

The U.S. Senate has 100 members - two from each of the 50 states. Each Senator is chosen by a majority of voters in the entire state, and his job is to represent the whole state. Members of the senate are elected to six-year terms.

The Constitution says that a Senator must be at least 30 years old, a citizen of the U.S. for nine years, and a resident of the state from which he is elected.

THE HOUSE

The US. House of Representatives has 435 members. The Constitution says that each state, no matter how small in popula­tion, must have at least one Representative. A Representative must be at least 25, a U.S. citizen for seven years, and live in the state from which he is elected. Each state, except the five which elect only one Representative for the whole state, is divided into Congressional districts. The Constitution, however, does not re­quire the Representative to live in the Congressional district that elects him. Most do not live in their districts.

The business of Congress is to make laws. The U.S. Con­stitution also gives Congress the power to:

- Raise money by means of taxes or borrowing.

- Make rules for trade with foreign countries and between states.

- Set up post-offices and federal courts.

- Organize the Armed Forces.

- Declare war.

The U.S. Senate has some special powers. It must approve by majority vote the President's appointment of such high offi­cials as ambassadors, Cabinet members, and federal judges.

The Senate must also improve, by a two-thirds majority vote, a treaty between the U. S. and a foreign country before the treaty can become a law. Congressmen do work long and hard. But most of the work is done in committee meetings. Here bills are situated, experts beard, and recommendations are made to the whole House or Senate.

 

Вариант 2

1). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Present Continuous:

1. Sorry, what magazine are you looking through?

2. The people are hurrying to the stadium to see the football match.

3. Are the children waiting for you at home?

2). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Past Continuous:

1. The sun was shining brightly and the sky was cloudless.

2. People of all kinds were listening or asking questions or making remarks and sometime laughing at the speaker.

3. The trees were just bursting into leaf, fresh and green, and there were beds of flowers, red and yellow and blue.

4. Was it raining when you went outside?

5. What was Mrs. Wedbee wearing?

3). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Future Continuous:

1. The actress will be giving her interview at 6 p.m.

2. We shall be waiting for you from 7 to 8 in the morning.

3. The Millers will be having a house-warming party tomorrow evening.

4. I think, it will be nice there.

4). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты:

1. I remember about the work, but I'm not sure I'll be able to cope with it before Friday.

2. Could you give me Mr. Backfords telephone number?

3. He left his case somewhere so he had to return to the office to look for it

4. «The film must be great», he said.

5). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните модальные глаголы, выражающие должен­ствование или их эквиваленты:

1. The doctor says I should stay in bed for a few days.

2. Nick, you must come and see our new apartment.

3. He didn't have to repeat his question.

4. We'll have to go there now because all the arrangements have already been done and the celebration is going to begin in some minutes.

6). Перепишите следующие глаголы, переведите их, образуйте от них причастие I (Participle I):

to associate to borrow

to think to rise

to graduate to defend

to get to obtain

to invite to improve

7). Перепишите следующие причастия II. Укажите инфинитив глаголов, от которых они образованы, переведите его:

spoken – lain

maintained – denied

proved – left

relaxed – described

brought - offended

8). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Present Perfect:

1. - Has he ever been abroad? - Yes, he's been to Belgium, Canada and Sweden.

2. The students of our department have studied Crime Detection for already a year.

3. The Whites have moved to a new comfortable apartment lately.

9). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Past Perfect:

1. The lawyer said that he had managed to win the case.

2. Everybody knew it was he who had committed this crime.

3. At last Mary remembered where she had seen this man.

10). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Future Perfect:

1. Will you have taken all your exams by the end of January?

2. We'll have arrived in London by 3 p.m.

3. I suppose, he will have booked tickets by that time.

11). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое. Укажите, в каком време­ни и залоге он употреблен:

1. The film «Titanic» is much spoken about.

2. In Stratford-on-Avon we saw the house where Shake­speare had been born.

3. - What mark have you got? -1 haven't yet been examined.

4. His picture will have been finished by next month.

5. All these projects are being solved now.

12). Перепишите следующие сложноподчиненные предложения, переведите их. Укажите тип придаточного предложения. Подчеркните союз или союзное слово, вводящее придаточное предложение:

1. Mr. Bradley says that he likes Moscow very much.

2. Could you tell me where you have put my papers? I can­not find them.

3. The man whom we spoke about yesterday has just en­tered the office.

13). Перепишите и письменно переведите текст «The US Constitution». Выучите следующие слова и словосочета­ния из текста:

the Constitution - конституция;

federal - федеральный;

government - правительство;

the War of Independence - война за независимость;

the set of rules - свод правил;

Laws - законы;

regulations - постановления;

to provide - обеспечивать;

to unite - объединяться;

economic - экономический;

rebellion - восстание;

to set up - устанавливать;

amendment - поправка;

Preamble - преамбула;

The Bill of Rights - Билль о правах;

freedom of speech - свобода слова;

freedom of press - свобода печати;

freedom of conscience - свобода совести;

to proclaim - провозглашать;

due process amendment - 5-я поправка «соблюдения за­конности».

 

THE US CONSTITUTION

The form of the US government is based on the Constitu­tion of September 17, 1787, adopted after the War of Independ­ence. A «constitution» in American political Language means the set of rules, laws, regulations and customs which together pro-

vide the practical norms or standards regulating the work of the government

In the course of the War against Britain 13 states united un­der federal government. The newly formed federal republic had a very weak central control. The economic situation in the country was very unstable. Inflation, taxes, bankruptcies aroused indig­nation among the farmers.

In the fall of 1786 an uprising took place in the state of Massachusetts. The rebellion was put down but that was a sign, which showed the ruling classes that they must set up a strong system of national government

In 1787 the Constitutional Convention formulated a Con­stitution for the United States. The Constitution is, with some amendments, in force to this day. It consists of the Preamble, 7 articles and 26 amendments. The first ten of them called the Bill of Rights were adopted by the Congress in December 1791.

The Bill enumerated what the government was not going to be allowed to do, which was an important democratic gain for the people.

Some of these 10 amendments are now unimportant, but others, especially the 5-th Amendment is still significant The 5-th (the due process amendment) provides that «no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law and no person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself».

Americans say that of all freedoms (freedom of speech, press, conscience) proclaimed in the Constitution there is only one freedom-freedom to enterprise.

Вариант 3

1). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Present Continuous:

1. What is the assistant doing now? He's arranging the new furniture in the office.

2. My grandmother is watching the new teenagers' pro­gram now.

3. My studies are getting more difficult but at the same time more interesting.

2). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Past Continuous:

1. When he came, we were just finishing the discussion.

2. I couldn't call you at two, because I was having visitors.

3. While the manager was talking on the phone, the secretary was getting the documents ready.

4. He was meeting his British counterpart when we saw him at the airport.

5. John was looking through the morning mail when his boss called him.

3). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Future Continuous:

1. I'll be waiting for you near the underground station. Don't be late.

2. Computers will be taking decisions for us in the future.

3. Don't phone me at seven. They'll be showing my favorite movie on TV, and I'll be watching.

4). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты:

1. Не had to stay at home because he didn't feel well.

2. She won't be able to go there until Sunday.

3. I told him that he might use my books.

4. Could you book two airplane tickets for us?

5). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните модальные глаголы, выражающие должен­ствование или их эквиваленты:

1. Since our childhood we are taught what we ought to do and what we oughtn't.

2. - May I smoke here? - No, you mustn't.

3. You didn't have to complete that work within two days.

4. We'll have to put this theory into practice in future.

6). Перепишите следующие глаголы, переведите их, образуйте от них причастие I (Participle I):

to defend to specify

to increase to stipulate

to testify to lend

to pay to lease

to bring to deliver

7). Перепишите следующие причастия II. Укажите инфи­нитив глаголов, от которых они образованы, переведите его:

transferred prescribed

operated postponed

built found

violated brought

broken acquired

8). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Present Perfect.

1. We cannot answer your fax at once. We have not taken a final decision yet.

2. They have recently solved this problem.

3. «Have you already introduced the new collaborator?» -the deputy asked.

9). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Past Perfect:

1. He had come from a small town, and nobody had heard of him before.

2. When the fire brigade arrived, a large part of the building had been destroyed by the fire.

3. I didn't join you for lunch, because I'd had a snack in a cafe and wasn't hungry.

10). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Future Perfect:

1. Will you have graduated from the college by the end of June?

2. I think, the contract will have been signed before the end of the week.

3. We'll have come up to the conclusion upon the beginning of the discussion.

11). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое. Укажите, в каком време­ни и залоге он употреблен:

1. Не doesn't think the machine will be reliable.

2. I've got an appointment with Dr. Floyd at three o'clock in the afternoon, but I won't be able to keep it, I'm afraid.

3. I hope, you won't have any trouble with the new car.

4. In my opinion the talks were just a waste of time.

5. Various problems of industry and agriculture were discussed at the meeting.

12). Перепишите следующие сложноподчиненные предложения, переведите их. Укажите тип придаточного предложения. Подчеркните союз или союзное слово, вводящее придаточное предложение:

1. The man who rang you this morning didn't leave any message.

2. Can you tell me where the yesterday's mail is?

3. Can I speak to a representative of the firm, which sells these computers?

13). Перепишите и письменно переведите текст «Main Concepts of American Business». Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания из текста:

profit - прибыль, доход;

private - частный, личный;

governmental - государственный;

share - акция, пай, доля;

shareholder - акционер, пайщик;

non-profit institutions - некоммерческие организации;

charitable - благотворительный;

competition - конкуренция;

responsibility - ответственность;

employee - работник, сотрудник.