English for Specific Purposes

108 Electronic Engineering

A. Imagine that Transistor technology is evolving too rapidly. Why is it possible? What will happen? In what way will this process influence the sphere of electronics, microelectronics and nanoelectronics?

 

B. Imagine that Transistor technology features a precipitous decline? Why is it possible? What will happen? In what way will this process influence the sphere of electronics, microelectronics and nanoelectronics?

 

The following discourse markers may help you:

 

Logical end of in conclusion (of),

 

the speech in conclusion the following should be mentioned, come to the conclusion that,

 

to complete my speech,

to put a finish,

…to roll up my speech (informal)

 

…that's all from me. Thank you

…that's the end of my speech. Thank you

…that's the end of my session. Thank you

…that's the time I have got. Thank you

 

 

English for Specific Purposes

Electronic Engineering 109

 

 

Grammar files

 

1. Tense Review (Active voice)

 

Active tenses	Affirmative sentence	Negative sentence	Interrogative sentence
Present simple	I (you, we, they) produce	I don’t produce	Do you produce
	microchips every day.	microchips every day.	microchips every day?
	She (he, it) produces	She doesn’t produce	Does she produce
	microchips every day.	microchips every day.	microchips every day?
Present continuous	I am producing	I am not producing	Am I producing
	microchips.	microchips.	microchips?
	You (we, they) are	You are not producing	Are they producing
	producing microchips.	microchips.	microchips?
	He (she, it) is producing	He is not producing	Is she producing
	microchips.	microchips.	microchips?
Present perfect simple	I (you, we, they) have	I have not produced	Have you produced
	produced microchips.	microchips.	microchips?
	She (he, it) has produced	She has not produced	Has he produced
	microchips.	microchips.	microchips?
Present perfect	I (you, we, they) have been	I (you, we, they) have not	Have I (you, we, they)
continuous	producing microchips for	been producing microchips	been producing microchips
	10 years.	for 10 years.	for 10 years.
	She (he, it) has been	She (he, it) has not been	Has She (he, it) been
	producing microchips for	producing microchips for	producing microchips for
	10 years.	10 years.	10 years.
Past simple	I produced microchips.	I did not produced	Did you produced
		microchips.	microchips?
Past continuous	I (she, he, it) was	I was not producing	Was she producing
	producing microchips.	microchips.	microchips?
	You (we, they) were	They were not producing	Were you producing
	producing microchips.	microchips.	microchips?
Past perfect	I had produced	They had not produced	Had you produced
	microchips.	microchips.	microchips?
Past perfect continuous	I had been producing	They had not been	Had you been producing
	microchips for 10 years.	producing microchips for	microchips for 10 years.
		10 years.
Future simple	I will produce microchips.	We will not produce	Will you produce
		microchips.	microchips?
Future continuous	I will be producing	She will not be producing	Will they be producing
	microchips.	microchips.	microchips?
Future perfect	I will have produced	We will not have produced	Will she have produced
	microchips.	microchips.	microchips?
Future perfect continuous	I will have been producing	They will not have been	Will you have been
	microchips.	producing microchips.	producing microchips?

 

2. Passive voice

 

Пассивный залог в английском языке образуется с помощью двух элементов: 1) соответствующая форма глагола to be (изменяемая часть), 2) причастие2 (Participle II, Past Participle, V₃) смыслового глагола (неизменяемая часть). Обратите внимание на то, что форма глагола “to be” соответствует видовременной форме смыслового глагола в активном залоге.