2017-12-14
1932
PRESENT PERFECT
Present perfect is a tense that we don’t have in our mother tongue so it often causes problems to the Ukrainian learners of English (I have already done the exercise. I’ve never tried something so dangerous. She has just finished her work. They haven’t returned our call. She hasn’t seen something like that before. I’ve been teaching for a very long time. She’s been working too much lately.)
Activity 1. Answer these questions:
What have you done so far today? I have had breakfast, I have driven to school.
Why have you decided to study engineering?
Have you been doing anything interesting lately?
Where have you been on your holiday?
Who has influenced you most so far?
How long have you been learning English?
Who have you always been able to rely on?
Activity 2. Complete the dialogue using the verbs in the list: called, installed, has, had, have promised, haven’t, have, done, come, have installed:
A: Has all the equipment arrived yet?
B: Yes, it has already __________. It came this afternoon.
A: Oh, good. __________ you __________ everything?
B: No, I haven’t. I ………_______ enough cable to connect everything.
A: And have you connected the PCs to the printers and photocopiers?
B: Yes, I __________, but there’s a problem with photocopiers.
A: Can you fix it?
B: I don’t know. I ………_______ the software and everything seemed OK, but then they called me and told me that they couldn’t print.
A: Have you __________ the company that sold us the photocopiers?
B: Yes, of course. I’ve just __________ that.
A: And what did they say?
B: They ………_______ to send a technician round tomorrow.
A: OK. Let’s hope they can fix it.
Activity 3. Complete this extract from an advertisement about Emerging Markets Fund with the correct form of the verb:
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Over the past few years, before the world’s crisis, caused by the recession, the capital returns from many emerging Asian markets have been (be) much higher than those of the developed world. The same can be seen also in the countries of the Latin America. For example, the markets in Argentina ……… (rise) by almost 800% and Mexico ……… (increase) by more than 600%. In Asia, the booming market in Thailand ……… (go) up by 300% and investors in the Philippines have earned more than 200%. The situation has worsened a little in the past few months, but still looks much more promising than in the rest of the world. The developed nations ……… (not manage) to make anything closely similar. Although the USA market ……… (grow) a lot before the crisis, it all went downhill last year with the start of the recession. The growth rates that these emerging markets ……… (enjoy) in the recent years is phenomenal. Experts say that we can expect positive results also in the future.
Activity 4. Which of the options in the brackets is correct – explain why?
1. I (have played/ played) tennis when I was younger.
2. I (passed/have passed) the written test but I (haven’t taken/didn’t take) the practical part yet.
3. He was a service engineer and then he (has joined/joined) the production department.
4. She (has qualified/qualified) as a mechanical engineer two years ago.
5. The first job Bob (has had/had) was at a small logistics company in Dublin.
6. (Have you ever been/Did you ever go) to Japan?
7. She (studied/has studied) civil engineering from 2007-2009.
8. These plans have been written/were written last month when their creative team was working/has been working together with ours.
GIVING DIRECTIONS
It doesn’t really matter whether you live in a small town or a big city (it can also happen within your own company), there will always be someone who can’t find their way around, and so you will need to give them precise and clear directions.
Ø Look at these examples:
A: Sorry to bother you, but could you tell me how to get to the Human Resources department?
B: Sure. It’s on the third floor of the main building. Just continue down the corridor to the elevator and go to the ground floor. When you get out of this building, turn right, go through the small park and you will see the main building in front of you.
A: Thank you. You are very helpful.
A: I’m sorry but I forgot how to get to the conference centre tonight. Could you tell me again?
B: Will you walk or go by taxi?
A: If it’s not too far, I’d rather walk.
B: No, it’s not that far. You will need about half an hour.
A: That’s great. So, where do I go?
B: From your hotel just turn left and go down the main shopping street. When you come to the church, turn left and continue uphill. When you come to the monument, turn right and take the bridge across the river. The conference centre will be on your left. I wish you a pleasant walk.
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A: Thanks again.
B: You’re welcome.
Ø Obtain a map of your town/city and practice giving directions to people who have no idea where to go.
4. NUMBERS, SHAPES, DISTANCES & DIMENSIONS
Ø Do you know the difference between the Roman and Arabic numbers, between Cardinal and
Ordinal, have you any idea how fractions are spoken? Which types of shapes do you know?
NUMBERS
You will be working with numbers all the time, so you need to be aware of them, how we pronounce them individually and in mathematical formulas. Let’s have a closer look.
Cardinal numbers are:
0 zero (oh, nought, nil) 315 – three hundred and fifteen
6,155 – six thousand one hundred and fifty-five
2,340,901 two million three hundred and forty thousand nine hundred and one
100 one (a) hundred
1,000 one (a) thousand
1,000,000 one million
1,000,000,000 one billion
Ordinal numbers and dates:
1st the first 1st January the first of January
2nd the second of March
3rd the third of April
15th May 2009 – the fifteenth of May two thousand and nine
22nd June 1990 – the twenty-second of June nineteen and ninety
25th the twenty-fifth
31st the thirty-first
Fractions, decimals and percentages:
2 ½ two and a half
3 ¼ three and one quarter
25% twenty-five per cent
99% ninety-nine per cent
1.33 one point thirty-three
6.7895 six point seven eight nine five
Arithmetic ……
+ – addition – 5 + 4 = 9 five plus four equals nine
- – subtraction – 5 – 4 = 1 five minus four equals one
x multiplication – 5 x 4 = 20 five multiplied by four equals twenty
: – division – 20: 4 = 5 twenty divided by four equals five
Roman numbers
| 1 I | 49 XXXXIX | 900 CM |
| 5 V | 50 L | 1000 M |
| 9 IX | 100 C | |
| 10 X | 500 D |
Activity 1. Read this information about the Colorado River and fill it with the missing numbers:
900 km, 20 m2, 1935, 4,860 m, 1933, 907 tonnes, 15 m, 23 m2, 2,253 km, 229,359 m3, 5,500 m3
The Colorado River is 2,253 km long. When they were building the Hoover dam, they rerouted the river through tunnels. The tunnels had a total length of ……… and they were over ……… in diameter. They were lined with ……… of concrete. The tunnels could carry over ……… of water per second. They started laying the concrete in June ……… and finished in May ………. The dam was built in blocks that varied in size from about ……… at the bottom to about ……… at the top. To set the concrete, they laid more than ……… steel pipe in the concrete and pumped icy water through it. The water came through a refrigeration plant that could produce ……… of ice a day.
Activity 2. Write down these numbers or dates and fractions:
1,000,000,000 one billion
21st May
35%
8237 654
1/3
$4,320
9.369
34.65 g
Three minus three plus sixteen divided by four equals four.
3 – 3 + 16: 4 = 4
Twelve plus six divided by nine times ten minus two equals eighteen.
Sixteen point five plus one point three four minus ten point eight six equals six point nine eight.
The square root of thirty-six multiplied by four cubed equals three hundred eighty-four.
Activity 3. Write the following in words not in numbers:
5% of the population owned 85% of the country’s wealth in 1995. Five per cent ….eighty five
per cent… nineteen ninety-five.
About 2,000,000 people live in Slovenia.
55.2% of adults have false teeth.
6 x 7 = 42
That is 33,923 km from here.
23,250 umbrellas are approximately sold in England every year.
It was extremely cold, about -20 degrees Celsius.
SHAPES
All scientists and technologists need to be able to talk about different shapes; they can be two dimensional or three-dimensional ones.
Activity 4. Draw the following:
an ellipse; a rectangle with diagonal lines; two curved lines, going in the opposite directions;
a square with a diagonal going from the centre to the top left corner; two parallel lines, the above much longer, there is a semi-circle on the top, not connected to the above line
4.3 DISTANCES & DIMENSIONS
Ø You probably know all the common words for distances and dimensions, such as: broad, wide, tall, high, long, short, low, far, deep and also its derivatives (broaden, widen, width, heighten, height, lengthen, length, shorten, lower, faraway, deepen, depth …). In mathematics you will often come across different pictures where you have to calculate out all measurements.
Activity 5. Write down the opposites of the following:
a length of the room – a width
shallow water –
a tall person –
a faraway place –
to shorten –
a low mountain –
Activity 6. Complete the sentences below with the correct expression, choose from: diameter, square, measures, thick, high, long, wide, circumference ( some are used more than once ):
This garden measures 28.5 metres by 36.
That ball has a ……… of 65 centimetres and a ……… of 24.5.
Our classroom ……… 4.65 by 5.8 metres, that’s almost 27 ……… metres.
The rug is 1 metre ……… and 0.7 metres ……….
My mouse pad is approximately one centimetre ……….
The new building is 65 metres ……….
Activity 7. Match the questions to the answers:
1. How long did it take to build? A) 100 kg
2. How much does it cost? B) 8 L
3. How much do they weigh? C) 1,700 hours
4. What are its dimensions? D) 4455 kg
5. What’s it made of? E) over 200 km/h
6. What’s its operating time? F) 6.3 hours on a full tank
7. What’s the maximum load? G) a maximum of 3500 m above sea level
8. How high can it fly? H) 6 m x 1.5 m x 8.5 m
9. What type of fuel does it use? I) wood
10. Why type of engine does it have? J) 4.4 L V8
11 What’s its maximum speed? K) unleaded petrol
12. What’s the fuel tank capacity? L) $655
1 C 2____ 3____ 4____ 5____ 6____
7____ 8____ 9____ 10____ 11____ 12____
Activity 8. A quiz:
What is longer: a centimetre or an inch? An inch
Is one metre as long as a yard?
Which building is taller: 50-metre or 50-feet one?
Who drove faster: the driver who was driving 80 miles/hour or the one who was driving 80 km/h?
Do you get the same if you buy one kilo of cherries or one pound of them?
Which is lighter: one gram or one ounce?
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If m is a symbol for 1 metre, should you write two metres as 2 ms?
Which spelling is correct metre or meter?
What is the symbol for litre: L or l?
Are tons and tonnes the same thing?
Measure your room at home and use different expression when describing and presenting it.
FUTURE FORMS
We use different future forms (Present simple & continuous, Will future, Going to future, Future continuous and Future perfect) to describe events that are likely to happen in the near or distant future. Here are a few examples (I’m seeing my doctor next week. She’s having a meeting later in the afternoon. The match starts at 7 o’clock tonight. When does the sun rise tomorrow? I’ll have a cup of coffee, please. They’ll go on holiday to Hawaii. She won’t accept the job because the salary is too low. I’m going to buy a new car when I save enough money. She’s going to have a baby soon. Before the exam I’ll be studying a lot. When will you have finished that report?).9
Activity 1. Answer the following questions:
What are your plans for this weekend? I’ll go out with my friends; we are going to have a good time. On Sunday I’m seeing my old friend and we will be having a picnic together.
When is your next birthday?
What will you be doing tonight? Will you be watching TV?
Where are you going to spend your next holiday?
Will you buy a new car soon?
Do you happen to know when the sun rises tomorrow?
When will you have finished this school?
Who will you be working for in 5 years’ time?
What position will you have in the company?
What sort of things, do you think, you will be doing as part of your job?
What will you have achieved by 2020? What changes will have taken place in your personal life by then?
