2018-01-21
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Industrial ecology - studies the impact of the industry - from individual enterprises to technosphere – of the nature; the impact of environmental conditions on the operation of enterprises and their complexes.The main direction of industrial ecology is to create systems of production and utilization of industrial wastes, which have no effect on biosphere and environment.By now, there was an understanding that a person is doomed to extinction with the accumulation of the products of its creative activity. In connection with this, it sharply increases the value of industrial ecology.It should be noted that the environment will be the improved, the sooner people learn to recycle waste products, using them as raw materials for other industries. Therefore, industrial ecology is a panacea from humanity.Today, industrial ecology covers a very wide range of problems, where problems are very different and have absolutely no biological plan. It is appropriate to talk about engineering geological disciplines: ecology of mining industry, ecology of energy, ecology of chemical industries, etc. It might seem that the use of the word "ecology" in conjunction with these disciplines are not quite right. However, it is not. Such discipline - are very different in their specific content, but they are united on common methodology and a common goal: to maximum reduce impact of industrial activities on the process of circulation of substances in nature and environmental pollution. Modern Biosphere is a product of multiple processes that occur on Earth for 3.5-4.0 billion years. Surrounding us the atmosphere created by nature and remains unchanged during the last about 50 million years. But in recent decades talk about a large change in its composition, destruction ozone sublayer, changing transparency and consequently, the appearance of smog, increasing its pollution with sulfur and nitrogen oxides, lead, mercury, carcinogenic (such as benzo (a) pyrene) and other substances.
Emission of solid substances and the fallout from atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen compounds with acid rain lead to pollution of the hydrosphere and lithosphere. The anthropogenic impact on the biosphere is diverse and approach to the critical permissible level in recent years. Among them, especially negative impact on the atmosphere is provided by:
- Emission of diverse anthropogenic substances and other pollution;
- Emission of heat - influencing on heating of the atmosphere and the change of its radiation parameters, particularly surface layers in which there are people, animals, and plants.
Applied Ecology – complex interscience technical direction, to study the global impact of engineering and technology on the biosphere, the basis of environmental management and safety of human life. The cardinal solution of environmental problems is possible only when the harmonious relationship between society, technology and nature. Ecologically modern production, which is crucial to the problem of rational use and reproduction of natural resources, - the future of industrial complexes. A reasonable solution of ecological problems are possible only if the natural combination of scientific and technological progress with a multi-faceted social aspects of the protection of the biosphere (the ecosphere), which should form the basis of development and creation of existing and new industries and energy sources. Scientific and technical discipline about new technological processes, machines and devices, enabling the establishment of industrial production, which harmonize with the environment, with minimal negative impact on the ecosphere, called "industrial ecology".
Formulated provisions of the new scientific and technical direction - "industrial ecology" - only to a certain extent can highlight the diversity of this branch of science. Of course, they must be constantly supplemented, because industrial ecology is born at the junction of Sciences due to a pressing need.
