Вопросы в косвенной речи

В косвенной речи вопросы имеют прямой порядок слов, а вопросительный знак в конце предложения заменяется на точку.

Общие вопросы вводятся союзами «if» или«whether»:

I asked, "Have you seen my pen?" – Я спросил: «Ты видел мою ручку?»
I asked him whether/if he had seen my pen. – Я спросил, видел ли он мою ручку.

Специальные вопросы вводятся вопросительными словами:

He wondered: “Who on earth would buy this junk?!” – Он поинтересовался: «Кто вообще станет покупать эту рухлядь?!»

He wondered who on earth would buy that junk. – Он поинтересовался, кто вообще станет покупать эту рухлядь.

Краткий ответ на вопрос косвенной речи вводится союзом «that» без слов «yes»/«no»:

She answered, "Yes, I do." – Она ответила: «Да».
She answered that she did. – Она ответила утвердительно.

Повелительные предложения в косвенной речи

Такие предложения используются с глаголами «say», «tell», «order», «ask», «beg», а глагол в повелительном наклонении изменяется в форму инфинитива:

Mom told me, "Clean your room." – Мама сказала мне: «Прибери свою комнату».
Mom told me to clean my room. – Мама сказала мне прибрать свою комнату.

Отрицательная форма глагола в повелительном наклонении заменяется инфинитивом с предшествующей частицей not.

He said, "Don’t run in the corridor." – Он сказал: «Не бегайте в коридоре».
He said not to run in the corridor. – Он сказал не бегать в коридоре.

Для передачи косвенной речи существует множество вариантов. В таблице мы собрали некоторые глаголы — «introductory verbs», которые помогут вам передать чужую речь без постоянного использования «she said» или «he asked»:

Introductory Verb	Translation	Direct Speech	Reported Speech
agree	соглашаться	“Ok, I was wrong.”	He agreed that he had been wrong.
claim	заявлять	“I saw the UFO.”	He claimed that he had seen the UFO.
complain	жаловаться	“You never share any secrets with me!”	She complained that I never share any secrets with her.
admit	признавать	“I was really unfriendly to him.”	She admitted that she had been unfriendly to him.
deny	отрицать	“I didn’t break your favorite cup!”	He denied that he had broken the cup.
exclaim	воскликнуть	“I am so happy!”	She exclaimed that she was very happy.
explain	объяснить	“You see, there’s no point in going there right now.”	He explained that there was no point in going there at that very moment.
recommend	советовать	“You’d better stay at home.”	She recommended that we stayed at home.
prove	доказывать	“See, the system works.”	He proved that the system worked.
insist	настаивать	“You do need to be present at the meeting.”	They insisted that I need to be present at the meeting.
regret	сожалеть	“If only I could go on a vacation this year.”	She regrets that she can’t go on a vacation this year.
state	утверждать	“I have never seen the young man before.”	The witness stated that she had never seen the young man before.
promise	обещать	“I will be back no later than eight o’clock.”	Dad promised that he will be back no later than eight o’clock.
suggest	предлагать	“Shall we spend the evening together?”	He suggested that they spent the evening together.
assert	утверждать	“Nuclear power is a safe and non-polluting kind of energy.”	The scientists asserted that nuclear power is a safe and non-polluting kind of energy.
contend	заявлять	“The Earth may be much younger than previously thought.”	Some astronomers contend that the Earth may be much younger than previously thought.

 

 

Домашняя работа 7. 04 Упражнения выполнить письменно

Упражнение 1. Change the direct speech into reported speech. Переведите в косвенную речь.

Example “I work hard,” Jillian said.

— Jillian said that he worked hard.

1. “I am planning to go to Kenya,” Sally said.

2. “I take my little sister to school every day,” little Anthony said.

3. “You may take my textbook,” Nonna said.

4. “They are playing in the gym now,” Nick said.

5. “I don’t like chocolate,” Mary said.

6. “My sister is ready to go” Helen said.

7. “My mother usually goes shopping on Saturday,” the girl said.

8. “The birds build their nests among the trees,” the teacher said.

9. “I am not married,” Jimmy said.

10. “I can't read these books. I don’t like them,” Petra said.

Упражнение 2. Change the direct speech into reported speech. Переведите в косвенную речь.

Example 1: I have already finished the test. -> He said he had already finished the test.

He said that……

1. We have gone on holiday.

2. Nelly can’t write; she has cut her finger.

3. The Ivanovs have travelled to many places.

4. Sam has already learnt the poem.

5. My sister has broken my pencil.

6. My dad has never travelled by plane.

7. Andrew has lost his keys.

8. Jill has never slept in a tent.

Example 2: The party finished late. —> He said (that) the party had finished late.

1. They lived in a camp when they were on holiday.

2. My brother got up early this morning.

3. Li was a famous sportsman.

4. The couple agreed to meet at six.

5. Yesterday, I saw Mary in the street.

6. Sammy arrived by train.

7. Nicky went home early yesterday.

8. The kids played tennis in the yard.

Example 3: I’ll meet them at school. —> He said he would meet them at school.

1. The match will take place next week.

2. This work will take little time.

3. My parents will come at 3.

4. Mike will do this exercise later.

5. My friend won’t be able to come.

6. They’ll build a new hotel here.

7. It will rain tomorrow.

8. Sandy won’t be able to come.

9. We’ll have examinations next year.

 

Домашняя работа

Задания выполнить письменно

Косвенная речь упражнения. Вопросительные предложения.

Переходим к упражнениям на отработку перевода вопросительных предложений из прямой речи в косвенную.

Упражнение 1. Imagine that you saw your doctor yesterday because you had a bad headache. Tell your partner what questions the doctor asked.