Количественные числительные от 1 до 100

WE STUDY ANATOMY

Remember the following words and expressions:

scientific [ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ] научный term[tɜːm] термин trunk [trʌŋk ] туловища  limbs [lɪmz ] конечности extremities [ɪksˈtrɛmɪtiz] конечности upper/lower [ˈʌpə/ˈləʊə] верхний/нижний skull [skʌl] череп external [ɛksˈtɜːnl ] внешний middle [ˈmɪdl ] средний internal [ɪnˈtɜːnl] наружный gums [gʌmz] десна palate [ˈpælɪt] небо trunk [trʌŋk] туловище abdomen [ˈæbdəmɛn] брюшная полость chest [ʧɛst] грудь

Framework [ˈfreɪmwɜːk] корпус, каркас to support [səˈpɔːt] поддерживать  tissue [ˈtɪʃuːz] ткань to protect [prəˈtɛkt] защищать injury [ˈɪnʤəri] повреждение muscle [ˈmʌsl] мышца elbow [ˈɛlbəʊ] локоть forearm [ˈfɔːrɑːm] предплечье wrist [rɪst] запястье thigh [θaɪ] бедро  knee [niː] колено shin [ʃɪn] голень ankle [ˈæŋkl] лодыжка skin [skɪn] кожа cell [sɛl] клетка

Упр. 1 Подпишите названия частей тела.

8. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9.

Text:

Everyone from the youngest age is interested in the body and how it works. The scientific term for the study of body structure is Anatomy. In the practical Anatomy class we study the human body. The principal parts of the human body are the head, the trunk and the limbs (extremities). We speak of the upper extremities (arms) and lower extremities (legs).

The head consists of two parts: the skull which contains the brain, and the face which consists of the forehead, the eyes, the nose, the mouth with the lips, the cheeks, the ears and the chin.

The ear includes three principal parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the internal ear.

The mouth has two lips: an upper lip and a lower lip. In the mouth there are gums with teeth, a tongue and a palate. The head is connected with the trunk by the neck. The upper part of the trunk is the chest and the lower part is the abdomen.

The framework of bones called the skeleton supports the soft tissues of the body and protects the organs from injury. The bones are covered with muscles.

The upper extremity is connected with the chest by the shoulder. Each arm consists of the upper arm, the elbow, the forearm, the wrist, and the hand. We have five fingers on each hand.

The lower extremity (the leg) consists of the thigh, the knee, the shin, the ankle and the foot. The body is covered with the skin.

There are several main systems of the body: the skeletal, the muscular, the nervous, the digestive, the respiratory, the urinary, the endocrine, the excretory and the reproductive.

The vital activities of the cells, tissues, organs and the whole organism are based on metabolism.

The regulation between various systems of organs can be demonstrated by the coordinated changes in their activities. Intensification of the activity of one organ or system of organs is accompanied by the changes in the other system.

Упр. 2 Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What do medical students study in the practical Anatomy class? 2. What are the principal parts of the human body? 3. What are the upper extremities? 4. What are the legs called? 5. How many parts does the head consist of? 6. What does the skull contain? 7. What does the face consist of? 8. What are the three principal parts of the ear? 9. What is there in the mouth? 10. Where are the gums? 11. What connects the trunk with the head? 12. What is the upper part of the trunk called? 13. What does the skeleton protect the organs from? 14. What are the bones covered with? 15. What does each arm consist of? 16. What does the lower extremity consist of? 17. What is the body covered with?

Упр. 3 Дополните предложения.

1.The ear... three... parts: the... ear, the...ear and the... ear. 2. The tongue is in the.... 3. The legs are... extremities, and the arms are... extremities. 4. The skull contains the.... 5. The forehead is one of the parts of the.... 6. The... connects the head with the....7. The framework of bones is called the.... 8.The shoulder connects the... with the....9. The skin covers the....

Упр. 4 Соедините части предложения так, чтобы получились логичные утверждения.

1. The body has a total of 2. The smallest bone is in 3. Some people have 11 or 13 pairs of ribs 4. Bone or joints can be substituded 5. Bones change with age,

a) instead of 12. b) 206 bones, 29 of them in the head. c) with artificial ones: prostheses d) when you’re a baby they bend rather e) than snap, later they become stiff so they crack rather than bend. f) in your ear and the longest...yes! the femur (бедро).

Упр. 5 Разделите слова в зависимости от того, к какой части картинки они принадлежат и переведите их.

III______________________________________________________________________ II_______________________________________________________________________ I_______________________________________________________________________________ 1) Match these parts of the body with the correct section of the picture.  back / calf / chest / cheek / chin / nose / elbow / foot / ears / forehead / thigh / knee / stomach / throat / tongue / wrist / lips / eyes / shoulder / hand / tongue

IIII II I IIII II I

 

Упр. 6 Найдите следующие слова:

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1. Anatomy 2. Extremity 3. Trunk 4. Forehead 5. Skull 6. Brain 7. Cheeks 8. Lips 9. Shin 10. Thigh 11. Ankle 12. Knee 13. Shoulder 14. Tissue 15. Skin

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Cardinals

Cardinals обозначают конкретное число, количество или сумму. Отвечают они на вопрос «Сколько?» (How much/many?).

– I don’t think ten glasses are enough for the party. – Я не думаю, что десяти стаканов хватит для вечеринки.

Cardinal numerals классифицируются на простые (simple), производные (derived) и составные (compound).

Simple numerals имеют одну основу. К ним относятся числа от one (один) до twelve (двенадцать), hundred (сотня), thousand (тысяча), million (миллион).

– More than a hundred people were arrested. – Более сотни человек были арестованы.

К derived numerals относятся все числа, содержащие суффиксы –teen и –ty, т.е. от thirteen (тринадцать) до nineteen (девятнадцать) и все десятки: twenty (двадцать), thirty (тридцать), forty (сорок) и т.д.

– They have been sailing for thirty days. – Они плывут уже тридцать дней.

Обратите внимание на разницу в написании однокоренных слов:
three-thirteen-thirty; four-fourteen-forty; five-fifteen-fifty.

К compound numerals относятся все числа от 21 до 29, от 31 до 39, от 41 до 49 и т.д. Составные числительные пишутся через дефис: twenty-one (21), forty-five (45), ninety-nine (99).

– Nearly ninety-nine percent of Austrians speak German. – Почти девяносто девять процентов австрийцев говорят на немецком.

Числа после 100, обозначающие сотни/тысячи и десятки/единицы, разделяются соединительным союзом and:

• 115 – one hundred and fifteen;
• 1571 – one thousand five hundred and seventy-one.

Количественные числительные от 1 до 100

Количественные числительные в английском имеют устойчивую (постоянную) форму и никак не склоняются.
Чтобы образовать числа от 13 до 19, берём за основу числа от 3 до 9 и добавляем суффикс –teen:

• three + teen = thirteen (13)
• four + teen = fourteen (14)
• five + teen = fifteen (15)
• six + teen = sixteen (16)
• seven + teen = seventeen (17)
• eight + teen = eighteen (18)
• nine + teen = nineteen (19)

Для образования десятков есть своё правило: также берём за основу числа от 2 до 9 и добавляем суффикс –ty:

• two + ty = twenty (20)
• three + ty = thirty (30)
• four + ty = forty (40)
• five + ty = fifty (50)
• six + ty = sixty (60)
• seven + ty = seventy (70)
• eight + ty = eighty (80)
• nine + ty = ninety (90)