Chapter 2: The visitors (Гости)

Chapter 1 The stowaway (Безбилетник)

Concepts: NOAH’S ARK, NOAH

NOAH’S ARK

1. Cambridge dictionary

Noah's ark - (in the Bible) a large wooden ship built by Noah in order to save his family and a male and female of every type of animal when the world was covered by a flood.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ark

     2. Wikipedia

Noah's Ark is the vessel in the Genesis flood narrative through which God spares Noah, his family, and examples of all the world's animals from a world-engulfing flood.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark

3. Collins dictionary

In the Bible, the ark was a large boat which Noah built in order to save his family and two of every kind of animal from the Flood.

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/search/?dictCode=english&q=Ark

 Компонентно-дефиниционный анализ языковой единицы Noah’s Ark:

- A large ship

- Noah

- Safety

- Animals

- The ark

- A flood

- God

- Survival

NOAH’S ARK in the BOOK

«There was strict discipline on the Ark: that's the first point to make. It wasn't like those nursery versions in painted woodwhich you might have played with as a child - all happy couples peering merrily over the railfrom the comfort of their wellscrubbed stalls. Don't imagine some Mediterranean cruise on which we played languorous roulette and everyone dressed for dinner; on the Ark only the penguins wore tailcoats. Remember: this was a long and dangerous voyage - dangerous even though some of the rules had been fixed in advance».

«It wasn't a nature reserve, that Ark of ours; at times it was more like a prison ship».

«You presumably grasped that the 'Ark' was more than just a single ship? It was the name we gave to the whole flotilla (you could hardly expect to cram the entire animal kingdom into something a mere three hundred cubits long)».

«In the beginning, the Ark consisted of eight vessels: Noah's galleon, which towed the stores ship, then four slightly smaller boats, each captained by one of Noah's sons, and behind them, at a safe distance (the family being superstitious about illness) the hospital ship».

«You don’t really believe that story about the serpent, do you? – it was just Adam’s black propaganda».

«Noah – or Noah’s God – had decreed that there were two classes of beast: the clean and the unclean».

«Clean animals got into the Ark by sevens; the unclean by twos».

«He founded a village (which you call Arghuri) on the lower slopes of the mountain, and spent his days dreaming up new decorations and honours for himself».

Характеристики концепта NOAH’S ARK:

- Ship

- Dangerous

- Long time

- Animals

- Prison

- Adam and Eva

- Clean and unclean animals

- Arghuri village

- Strict discipline

- Long voyage

- Rules

- Flotilla

- Animal kingdom

- Vessel galleon

- Boats

- Hospital ship

Article:

Noah's Ark 'could have happened', scientists say…

The story of Noah may seem like an impossible legend, but scientists have calculated that the Ark could indeed have floated - even with two of every animal on board.

Establishing the precise dimensions of the huge boat based on God's instructions according to The Bible, postgraduate physics students at the University of Leicester worked out that it would have been buoyant enough to be fit for purpose.

In Genesis 6:13-22, the dimensions of the boat itself are set out - 300 cubits long, 50 cubits wide and 30 cubits high. Based on the conversion of one Egyptian and Hebrew "cubit" measurement being 48.2cm, the students found the Ark would have been around 144 metres long - a full 100 metres shorter than the HMS Ark Royal. Using approximate animal weights and some basic physics principles, they found that such a vessel could have stayed afloat with 70,000 animals on board.

Student Benjamin Jordan, 21, from Bury St Edmonds, told the Telegraph: "Using the dimensions of the Ark and the density of the water, we were able to calculate its buoyancy force, which, according to Archimedes’ principle, is equal to the weight of the volume of fluid the object displaces.

"This meant we were then able to estimate the total mass the Ark could support before the gravitational weight would overcome the buoyancy force, causing the Ark to sink."

His fellow student Thomas Morris, 22, from Chelmsford, said: "You don’t think of the Bible necessarily as a scientifically accurate source of information, so I guess we were quite surprised when we discovered it would work. We’re not proving that it’s true, but the concept would definitely work. "The scientists had to hazard a guess that the "gopher" wood described in the Biblical instructions for the Ark could accurately be replaced with cypress wood, with experts uncertain what sort of timber was intended.

And they stressed that their study did not draw any conclusions about feasible living conditions for the animals on board the Ark - or indeed whether they would all fit on at all, beyond the issue of pure weight.

The students completed the study for a special topic module, in which they are encourage to bring basic physics to bear on "the weird, wonderful and everyday". Their findings were presented in a paper for the Journal of Physics Special Topics, a peer-reviewed student journal run by their department.

Adam Withnall @adamwithnall

Thursday 3 April 2014 08:54

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/noahs-ark-could-have-happened-scientists-say-9234799.html   

NOAH in the BOOK

1. Collins dictionary

Noah - a Hebrew patriarch, who saved himself, his family, and specimens of each species of animal and bird from the Flood by building a ship (Noah's Ark) in which they all survived (Genesis 6–8)

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/search/?dictCode=english&q=Noah

2. Vocabulary dictionary
The Hebrew patriarch who saved himself and his family and the animals by building an ark in which they survived 40 days and 40 nights of rain; the story of Noah and the flood is told in the Book of Genesis.
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Noah

3. Wikipedia

In Abrahamic religions, Noah was the tenth and last of the pre-Flood patriarchs. His story is contained in the Hebrew Bible, in the Book of Genesis, chapters 5–9 and in the Qur'an. The Genesis flood narrative is among the best-known stories of the Bible. Noah is also portrayed as "the first tiller of the soil" and the inventor of wine.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah

Компонентно-дефиниционный анализ языковой единицы:

- Patriarch

- The flood

     - Noah’s Ark

     - The inventor of wine

Examples: «I don't know how best to break this to you, but Noah was not a nice man. I realize this idea is embarrassing, since you are all descended from him; still, there it is. He was a monster, a puffed-up patriarch who spent half his day grovelling to his God and the other half taking it out on us».

«Put it another way: what the hell do you think Noah and his family ate in the Ark? They ate us, of course».

«The unavoidable fact is that Noah was jealous. We all looked up to the unicorn, and he couldn't stand it. Noah - what point is there in not telling you the truth? - was badtempered, smelly, unreliable, envious and cowardly. He wasn't even a good sailor: when the seas were high he would retire to his cabin, throw himself down on his gopher-wood bed and leave it only to vomit out his stomach into his gopher-wood washbasin; you could smell the effluvia a deck away».

«And the birds said Noah didn't know what he was doing - he was all bluster and prayer».

«What would God think? That was the question always on his lips. There was something a bit sinister about Noah's devotion to God; creepy, if you know what I mean».

«And how did Noah react when he awoke with one of those knifing new-wine hangovers? He cursed the son who had found him and decreed that all Ham's children should become servants to the family of the two brothers who had entered his room arse-first. Where is the sense in that? I can guess your explanation: his sense of judgment was affected by drink, and we should offer pity not censure. Well, maybe. But I would just mention this: we knew him on the Ark».

«Even the least subtle mind can decode that particular euphemism: he was drunk all the time».

«Ham went into the bedroom and … well, a naked man of six hundred and fifty-odd years lying in a drunken stupor is not a pretty sight».

«…it steered a course sycophantically close to that of Ham’s ark».

«Maybe the jewel is only found in the female’s head, Ham’s wife suggested».

«But you don’t know about Varadi, do you? He was the youngest and strongest of Noah’s sons; which didn’t, of course, make him the most popular within the family».

«You’re familiar with Ham and Shem and the other one, whose name began with a J...»

Характеристики концепта NOAH:

-   Monster

-   God

-   Wine

-   Food

-   Prayer

-  Noah’s sons

-  Noah’s wife

-  Fourth son of Noah

-  Jealous

- Not a good sailor

- Drunkard  

Exercises:

1. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian:

1) In the beginning, the Ark consisted of eight vessels: Noah's galleon, which towed the stores ship, then four slightly smaller boats, each captained by one of Noah's sons, and behind them, at a safe distance (the family being superstitious about illness) the hospital ship. 2) There were other dangers on the Voyage apart from that of being turned into lunch. 3) Voyage. He also cracked the secret of long life, which has subsequently been lost to your species. 4) What would God think? That was the question always on his lips. 5) At this point we leave the harbour of facts for the high seas of rumour (that's how Noah used to talk, by the way). 6) I don't need to tell you that the animals were pretty divided about what to believe. 7) We weep when she finds no rest for the sole of her foot; we rejoice when she returns to the Ark with an olive leaf. 8) There were seven of us stowaways, but had we been admitted as a seaworthy species only two boarding-passes would have been issued; and we would have accepted that decision. 9) Now, it's true Noah couldn't have predicted how long his Voyage was going to last, but considering how little we seven ate in five and a half years, it surely would have been worth the risk letting just a pair of us on board. 10) And after all, it's not our fault for being woodworm.

2. Explain the meaning of the words and phrases:

mucking-out, squeamish, dressed for dinner, willy-nilly, grabbiest, read between the lines, smug, trying to hollow out a priest’s hole, that’s no way to go on, conservationist, a brutally intrusive nature, wipe and slate clean, the cradle, obliged to advertise, mange, keel-hauled, role-model, alkie, simians, shift the goalposts.

3. Make up a summary of the article:

Mount Ararat

Mount Ararat volcanic massif in extreme eastern Turkey, overlooking the point at which the frontiers of Turkey, Iran, and Armenia converge. Its northern and eastern slopes rise from the broad alluvial plain of the Aras River, about 3,300 feet (1,000 metres) above sea level; its southwestern slopes rise from a plain about 5,000 feet (1,500 metres) above sea level; and on the west a low pass separates it from a long range of other volcanic ridges extending westward toward the eastern Taurus ranges. The Ararat Massif is about 25 miles (40 km) in diameter.

Ararat consists of two peaks, their summits about 7 miles (11 km) apart. Great Ararat, which reaches an elevation of 16,945 feet (5,165 metres) above sea level, is the highest peak in Turkey. Little Ararat, rises in a smooth, steep, nearly perfect cone to 12,782 feet (3,896 metres). Both Great and Little Ararat are the product of eruptive volcanic activity. Neither retains any evidence of a crater, but well-formed cones and fissures exist on their flanks. Towering some 14,000 feet (4,300 metres) above the adjoining plains, the snowcapped conical peak of the Great Ararat offers a majestic sight. The snowline varies with the season, retreating to 14,000 feet above sea level by the end of the summer. The only true glacier is found on the northern side of the Great Ararat, near its summit. The middle zone of Ararat, measuring from 5,000 to 11,500 feet (1,500 to 3,500 metres), is covered with good pasture grass and some juniper; there the local Kurdish population graze their sheep. Most of the Great Ararat is treeless, but Little Ararat has a few birch groves. Despite the abundant cover of snow, the Ararat area suffers from scarcity of water.

Ararat traditionally is associated with the mountain on which Noah’s Ark came to rest at the end of the Flood. The name Ararat, as it appears in the Bible, is the Hebrew equivalent of Urardhu, or Urartu, the Assyro-Babylonian name of a kingdom that flourished between the Aras and the Upper Tigris rivers from the 9th to the 7th century BCE. Ararat is sacred to the Armenians, who believe themselves to be the first race of humans to appear in the world after the Deluge. A Persian legend refers to the Ararat as the cradle of the human race. There was formerly a village on the slopes of the Ararat high above the Aras plain, at the spot where, according to local tradition, Noah built an altar and planted the first vineyard. Above the village Armenians built a monastery to commemorate St. Jacob, who is said to have tried repeatedly but failed to reach the summit of Great Ararat in search of the Ark. In 1840 an eruption and landslide destroyed the village, the monastery of St. Jacob, and a nearby chapel of St. James, and it also killed hundreds of villagers. Local tradition maintained that the Ark still lay on the summit but that God had declared that no one should see it. In September 1829, Johann Jacob von Parrot, a German, made the first recorded successful ascent. Since then Ararat has been scaled by several explorers, some of whom claim to have sighted the remains of the Ark.

Written by «The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica».

Chapter 2: The visitors (Гости)

Concept: TERRORISM.

1. Cambridge dictionary

Terrorism - the use of violence for political purposes, for example putting bombs in public places.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-russian/terrorism?q=terrorism

2. Wikipedia

Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentional violence for political or religious purposes. It is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants (mostly civilians and neutral military personnel).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism

3. Encyclopedia Britannica

Terrorism, the calculated use of violence to create a general climate of fear in a population and thereby to bring about a particular political objective. Terrorism has been practiced by political organizations with both rightist and leftist objectives, by nationalistic and religious groups, by revolutionaries, and even by state institutions such as armies, intelligence services, and police.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/terrorism

Компонентно-дефиниционный анализ языковой единицы:

- Violence

- Political purposes

- Religious purposes

- Bombs

- Public places

- Fear

- Panic

- Civilians

- Military

TERRORISM IN THE BOOK:

            Examples: «The trouble was, the more he reflected, the less cheerful he felt. In recent years Western governments had been noisy about terrorism, about standing tall and facing down the threat; but the threat never seemed to understand that it was being faced down, and continued much as before. Those in the middle got killed; governments and terrorists survived».

«`I see,' said Franklin, and he let the sneer come through. `So you're going to assemble the passengers and explain to them how they're all really Zionist soldiers and that's why you've got to kill them'».

«Who would they start with? The Americans, the British? If they started with the Americans, how long would that delay the killing of the British? Fourteen, sixteen Americans - he translated that brutally into seven or eight hours. If they started at four, and the governments stood firm, by midnight they would start killing the British. What order would they do it in? Men first? Random? Alphabetical?».

«She walked down the central aisle to the gunmen, stopped a couple of yards short, and said in a clear, slow voice suppurating with panic, 'I have to go to the goddam bathroom'».

Характеристики концепта TERRORISM:

-   Get kill

-   Gunmen

-   Panic

-   Solders

-   Threat

      Article: