2020-09-24
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Television (1920s)
The invention that swept the world and changed leisure habits for countless millions was pioneered by Scottish-born electrical engineer John Logie Baird. It had been realised for some time that light could be converted into electrical impulses, making it possible to transmit such impulses over a distance and then reconvert them into light.
Motor Car (Late 19th Century)
With television, the car is probably the most widely used and most useful of all leisure-inspired inventions. German engineer Karl Benz produced the first petroldriven car in 1885 and the British motor industry started in 1896. Henry Ford was the first to use assembly line production for his Model Т car in 1908. Like them or hate them, cars have given people great freedom of travel.
Electricity
The name came from the Greek word for amber and was coined by Elizabeth I's physician William Gilbert who was among those who noticed that amber had the power to attract light objects after being rubbed. In the 19th century such great names as Michael Faraday, Humphry Davy, Alessandro Volta and Andre Marie Ampere all did vital work on electricity.
Photography (Early 19th Century)
Leonardo da Vinci had described the camera obscura photographic principle as early as 1515. But it was not until 1835 that Frenchman Louis Daguerre produced camera photography. The system was gradually refined over the years, to the joy of happy snappers and the despair of those who had to wade through friends' endless holiday pictures.
Telephone (1876)
Edinburgh-born scientist Alexander Graham Bell patented his invention of the telephone in 1876. The following year, the great American inventor Thomas Edison produced the first working telephone. With telephones soon becoming rapidly available, the days of letter-writing became numbered.
Computer (20th Century)
The computer has been another life-transforming invention. British mathematician Charles Babbage designed a form of computer in the mid-1830s, but it was not until more than a century later that theory was put into practice. Now, a whole generation has grown up with calculators, windows, icons, computer games and word processors, and the Internet and e-mail have transformed communication and information.
Aero plane
The plane was the invention that helped shrink the world and brought distant lands within easy reach of ordinary people. The invention of the petrol engine made flight feasible and the American Wright brothers made the first flight in 1903.
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Задание №2. Переведите текст. Найдите в тексте глаголы, причастия, герундий; выпишите их, определите видовременную форму.
Bill Gates, The Software King
Most of the computers in the world use software invented by Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft Inc. of Redmond, Wash. Software is the set of programs that make computers – whether business or personal – perform various tasks.
Gates was born in Seattle, Wash., in 1955. As a boy, he was bright and curious. He was active in Scouting, reaching Life Scout rank in Troop 186. He especially loved hiking, camping and other outdoor adventures.
But Gates was obsessed with computers. While a student at Harvard University in 1975, Gates and his friend Paul Allen, developed a computer language for an early version of the personal computer. Microsoft was born. Gates went on to develop operating systems, such as MS-DOS, and software programs.
Thanks to Microsoft, Gates is now one of the richest men in America. He is worth more than $8 billion.
A technical wizard and a fierce business competitor, Gates sees great things ahead for computers. He says they «are really going to change a lot of things in the world – the way we work, the way we play and entertain ourselves and even the way we are educated».
CONTROL WORK № 12
Задание №1 «Согласование времен» Продолжите предложения в косвенной речи, соблюдая правила согласования времен.
Пример: He said, “I work in New York.” He said that he worked in New York.
1. She said, “I speak French.” – She said that she …
2. She said, “I am speaking French.”
3. She said, “I have spoken French.”
4. She said, “I spoke French.”
5. She said, “I am going to speak French.”
6. She said, “I will speak French.”
7. She said, “I can speak French.”
8. She said, “I may speak French.”
Задание №2. Найдите предложения, в которых глагол в скобках может стоять в настоящем времени.
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1. Our neighbour said his name (be) Fred. (Наш сосед сказал, что его зовут Фред.)
2. He said he (be) tired. (Он сказал, что устал.)
3. I thought you (call) the doctor. (Я думал, что ты вызвал врача.)
4. We met the woman who (live) next door. (Мы встретили женщину, живущую рядом.)
5. Jane said she (can’t afford) to buy a new car. (Джейн сказала, что не может позволить себе покупку новой машины.)
6. She asked me how many books I (read) last month. (Она спросила меня, сколько книг я прочитал в прошлом месяце.)
7. Bob said he usually (go to bed) before midnight. (Боб сказал, что обычно ложится спать до полуночи.)
8. I wondered why Sam (leave) without saying a word. (Мне было интересно, почему Сэм ушел, не сказав ни слова.)
Задание №3. Выберите верный вариант глагола и переведите предложения.
1. I knew that my sister … (have/has/had) a problem.
2. I know that my sister … (have/has/had) a problem.
3. I knew that my sister … (will have/would have/had) a problem soon.
4. He said he … (lived/has lived/had lived) in Moscow since 2005.
5. She asks me if the flight … (has been cancelled/had been cancelled/been cancelled).
6. She asked me if the flight … (has been cancelled/had been cancelled/was cancelled).
7. Nobody knew what … (will happen/would happen/happens) next.
8. Mike said that he … (hasn’t met/didn’t meet/hadn’t met) Helen since they parted.
9. Kelly said that she … (didn’t want/doesn’t want/hadn’t wanted) to wear her hat.
10. We didn’t expect that he … (showed/will show/would show) us the film.
Задание №4. Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово
The atmosphere, to breathe, the Earth, cut down, recycle, nature, to save
1. We live on ….
2. … is in danger.
3. There are a lot of cars in the streets. They pollute ….
4. People … forests. But we need … fresh air.
5. English people … their rubbish. They want … the environment.
6.
