2015-01-21
1582
1. a will – завещание
2. to distribute – распределять, рассредоточивать
3. adoption – усыновление, удочерение
4. annulment – аннулирование (зд. судебное решение о признании брака недействительным)
5. divorce – расторжение брака, развод
6. alimony – алименты
7. custody – опека, опекунство (попечительство)
8. delinquent children – дети, совершившие (или склонные к совершению) правонарушения (делинквенты)
9. ordinance – указ, декрет, закон, постановление, распоряжение
10. to find guilty/not guilty – признать виновным/невиновным
11. discretionary – предоставленный на (собственное) усмотрение
12. government – обвинение как сторона в процессе (амер.)
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No two state court systems are exactly alike. Nevertheless, there are sufficient similarities to provide an example of what a typical state court system looks like. Most state court systems are made up of two sets of trial courts: trial courts of limited jurisdiction (probate, family, traffic, etc.) and trial courts of general jurisdiction; intermediate appellate courts and the highest state courts.
Unlike federal judges, most state court judges are not appointed for life but are either elected or appointed for a certain number of years.
Trial Courts of Limited Jurisdiction
Trial courts of limited jurisdiction are courts that deal with only specific types of cases. They are usually presided over by a single judge. Some examples of trial courts of limited jurisdiction include:
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1. Probate court: This court considers cases concerning administration of estates. It sees to it that the provisions of a will are carried out properly or sees to it that a decedent’s property is distributed according to the state law.
2. Family court: This court hears cases concerning adoption, divorce, alimony, child custody etc.
3. Traffic court: This court usually considers minor violations of traffic laws.
4. Juvenile court: This court usually deals with cases involving delinquent, unruly or neglected children and adults who neglect, abuse or contribute to the juvenile delinquency.
5. Small claims court: This court usually resolves suits between private persons of a relatively low dollar amount, for example, less than $5,000.
6. Municipal court: This court usually considers cases involving offenses against city ordinances.
