2015-05-13
315
Part 1
Participle II
Participle II is formed by adding the ending -ed to the verb if it is a regular verb, in the case with irregular verbs we use the third form of the irregular verb.
Participle II is translated by the Russian participle of passive voice with endings: -ен, -ем, -ат, ят:
to play - played - играемый, сыгранный.
It can also play a few roles in a sentence:
1. it can play the role of an attribute and be placed before or after a subject, sometimes there is a conjunction “as” before it and it can be translated by a subordinate clause with the word “в том виде как”, e.g.: The idea as stated by the scientists is not of any interest - Эта мысль, в том виде как она изложена учеными, не представляет никакого интереса.
If Participle II stands before a subject it is translated by an attribute and put before a subject, e.g.: The instrument used is very reliable - Использованный прибор очень надежен. If Participle II is formed from the verb with a preposition, it will be translated by a subordinate clause with the word “который” and the preposition will be put at the beginning of a subordinate sentence, e.g.: Some theoretical considerations touched upon in the last chapter will be considered in the next work. - Некоторые теоретические соображения, о которых вскользь упоминалось в последней главе, будут освещены в следующей работе.
2. Participle II can play the role of an adverb and be placed at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. In this case it is translated by a subordinate clause with the conjunctions: “так как”, “когда”, “если”. E.g.: Written in pencil the article was difficult to read. - Так как статья была написана карандашом, ее трудно было читать. United we stand, divided we fall - Если мы вместе, мы выстоим, если мы врозь, мы падем.
Vocabulary
bromepoxide - бромэпоксид
velocity - скорость
as far as our knowledge goes - насколько нам известно
firmness - прочность
plate - пластина
equation - уравнение
to vary - изменяться
to calculate - рассчитывать
