Vocabulary. relative density (r.d.) - относительная плотность

bismuth - висмут

pinkish - розоватый

tinge - оттенок

ore - руда

relative density (r.d.) - относительная плотность

bismuthinite - висмутин (бисмутинит, висмутовый блеск)

bismite - бисмит (висмутовая охра)

to extract-получать, извлекать

thermal conductivity - теплопроводимость

mercury - ртуть

electrical resistance - электрическое сопротивление

alloy - сплав

low-melting-point casting alloys - легкоплавкие сплавы

tin - олово

to expand - увеличивать(-ся), расширять(-ся)

solidification - затвердевание, застывание

sprinkler system - противопожарная система

device - прибор

safety - безопасность

detection - обнаружение

acrylic fibers - акриловые волокна

malleable iron - ковкий чугун

carrier - носитель

uranium - уран

fuel - топливо

nuclear reactor - ядерный реактор

thermocouple material - материал, использованный для изготовления термопары (материал термопары)

lead-free-не содержащий тетраэтилсвинца (неэтилированный)

oxidizing acid - кислота - окислитель, окисляющая кислота

steam - пар

moist - влажный

halogen - галоген

to burn - гореть

fume - дым, пар

Exercise 2. Answer the following questions.

1. In what countries are bismuthinite (Bi₂S₃) and bismite (Bi₂O₃) produced?

2. What are the main characteristics of bismuth?

3. What are the uses of bismuth?

4. Where does bismuth burn?

5. What scientist demonstrated the difference of bismuth from lead in 1753?

Exercise 3. Put questions to the bold-typed words.

1. Bismuth is a white crystalline metal with a pinkish tinge belonging to group 15 (formerly VB) of the periodic table.

2. Bismuth is extracted by carbon reduction of its oxide.

3. Bismuth compounds (when lead-free) are used for cosmetics and medical preparations.

4. Bismuth burns in air with a blue flame to produce yellow oxide fumes.

5. Bismuth has a high electrical resistance and a high Hall effect when placed in magnetic fields.

6. Relative density of bismuth is 9.78.

7. Melting point of bismuth is 271.3°C.

8. Peru, Japan, Mexico, Bolivia, and Canada are major producers of these minerals.

9. These alloys expand on solidification

10. The alloys expend to give clear replication of intricate features.

11. Bismuth is a diamagnetic metal.

Exercise 4. Put the following words in the gaps: bismuth, oxidizing acids, to produce, melting point, to be used for, to demonstrate, bismite, flame, reduction, lead-free, sprinkler systems, cadmium.

1. Nowadays … has many applications.

2. Bismuth is usually attacked by....

3. These ores are mainly … in Canada, Peru.

4.

… of this metal is very low.

5. Bismuth … medical preparations.

6. Yesterday he … all the advantages of the obtained substance.

7. … is a rare mineral.

8. We used … to obtain this substance.

9. Only … compounds can be used in cosmetics production.

10. Our engineers have developed a new type of … which works more effectively during fire.

11. … is used in batteries and nuclear reactors.

12. … was growing higher and higher.

Exercise 5. Match the beginnings of the sentences with the endings.

1. Bismuth is a) a specialized thermocouple material.

2. Carbon burns in b)make low-melting-point casting alloys.

3. Bismuth is used as c) are extracted in Peru.

4. Sulphur has a d) tin and iron.

5. It is used to e) high electrical resistance.

6. The minerals of bismuth f) a diamagnetic metal.

7. This alloy contains g) air.

8. C. G. Junine first demonstrated h) very low.

9. Its thermal conductivity is i) the difference of Bi from Pb.

Exercise 6. Work with synonyms:Match the first column with the second column:

device to employ

to detect to identify

to extract to put

feature apparatus

to place peculiarity

to use to obtain

to give to donate

Exercise 7. Put the following sentences into Passive.

1. We often use bismuth in our experiments.

2. Yesterday we could define the melting point of this element.

3. Recently we have extracted a new element from urine ores.

4. Now we are developing a new type of sprinkler system which will be much better than the previous one.

5. Today many owners of petrol stations prefer to use lead –free petrol.

6. We have just extracted bismuth by carbon reduction.

7. Last year the researchers of our institute invented a new type of fire-detection system.

8. At first we measured the diameter of the dome.

9. Mexico produces large quantities of bismuth every year.

10. The researchers from Peru were the first who investigated this problem.

11. How did you obtain these results?

12. We use bismuth as a catalysts to make acrylic fibres.