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Ex. 18. Translate from Russian into English

1. Числа, которые нужно сложить, называются слагаемыми, а результат сложения называется суммой. 2. Эти числа предстоит перемножить. 3. Мы должны записывать результат справа от знака равно. 4. Число можно поделить на два без остатка (точно), если это четное число. 5. Деление обратно умножению. 6. Произведение любого числа, умноженного на ноль, равно нулю. 7. Никто не может сказать, когда люди начали считать. 8. Они обозначили (указали) операцию сложения знаком плюс. 9. Ни один студент не мог решить задачу, заданную профессором. 10. Им придется использовать двоичную систему счисления. 11. Данный элемент может быть обозначен тем же символом.

UNIT 5

Grammar: Present, Past, Future Perfect (Active Voice)
The Present Perfect Tense The Past Perfect Tense The Future Perfect Tense
have/ haven’t + V3 has/ hasn’t + V3 had/ hadn’t + V3 shall/ will have + V3 shan’t/ won’t have + V3
a) Resultative Perfect just, yet, already, ever, never, lately, recently, today, this week, this month, etc. They have not done it yet. Они еще это не сделали. b) Durative Perfect (to be, to have, to know) for, since, how long How long have you known him? Как давно ты его знаешь? by 6 o’clock yesterday, by that time, by the end of last year, before he came They had done it by the time we came. Они сделали это к нашему приходу. They hadn’t done it by the time he came. Had they done it by the time you came? by 6 o’clock tomorrow, by this time tomorrow, by the end of next year, before he comes They will have done it by 6 o’clock tomorrow. Они сделают это завтра к шести часам. They won’t have done it by 6 o’clock tomorrow. Will they have done it by 6 o’clock tomorrow?

Ex. 1. Compare Russian and English Tense forms.

Grammar Rules Patterns.

Я решил эти задачи... I solved the problems yesterday. (Past Ind.) I have already solved the problems. (Pr. Perf.) I had solved the problems before he came. (Past Perf.)
  Я решу эти задачи … I shall solve the problems tomorrow. (Fut. Ind.) I shall have solved the problems when he comes. (Fut. Perf.) If I solve the problems, will we obtain the required result of the experiment? (Pr. Ind.)

Ex. 2. Read and compare the following sentences. Explain the use of the English Tense forms. (Present Perfect, Past Indefinite, Past Perfect, Future Perfect, Future Indefinite, Future Continuous, Present Continuous).

1. a) He has enlarged his English vocabulary lately.

b) He enlarged his English vocabulary when he was in Great Britain.

c) Before he went to Great Britain he had enlarged his English vocabulary.

2. a) How long have you been here?

b) How longago were you there?

c) He wondered how long I had been there.

3. a) Since when have you started working as a teacher?

b) When did you start working as a teacher?

c) By that time she had started working as a teacher.

4. a) The scientists have just changed the order of the whole process.

b) The scientists changed the order of the whole process just now (a moment ago).

c) He said that the scientists had just changed the order of the whole process.

5. a) Perhaps man will improve the devices used in calculations.

b) By the end of this century man will have radically improved the devices used in calculations.

c) Man is going to improve the devices used in calculations radically in the near future.

6. a) Our students will translate this article next week.

b) Our students will be translating the article this time tomorrow.

c) Our students will have translated this article by the time you come.

7. a) I promise I shall find a proper solution of the problem soon.

b) By the middle of the lesson I shall have found a proper solution of the problem.

c) Don’t phone now. I shall be looking for a proper solution of the problem.

8. a) In the future she will try to enter the faculty of Cybernetics.

b) She is going to enter the faculty of Cybernetics after she finishes school.

c) When we meet again, I am sure, she will have become a student of the faculty of Cybernetics.

9. a) They will take part in the international conference on mechanics in a year.

b) They will already have taken part in the international conference on mechanics by the time you come there.

c) This time next week they will be taking part in the international conference on mechanics.


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