Pulmonary artery

Aorta

Superior vena cava Right atrium Pulmonary valve Tricuspid valve Interior vena cava

Pulmonary artery Left atrium

Mitral valve Aortic valve

Left ventricle

Interventricular

Septum

Right ventricle

Fig. 3. Diagram of the heart.

3. Blood vessels that receive blood from the ventricle and lead it away
from the heart and towards other organs are arteries («air duct» — Greek).
The vessels received this name because the early anatomists assumed
that they had been empty in dead persons and had carried air.The artery
that takes up the _y blood from the right ventricle and carries it to the
lungs is the pul$oriaYy' &А£ту («lungs» — Latin). The pulmonary artery
divides in two - one branch leads to the right lung, the other - to the
left. The arteries continue to divide and subdivide and form smaller and
smaller vessels with thinner and thinner walls. The smallest arteries are
the arterioles and these finally divide into capillaries («hairlike» — Lat­
in). We name them so because of their fineness, though actually they
are much finer than hairs.

Gradually the capillaries begin to join into larger vessels. Such larger blood vessels that carry blood to the heart from the organs are the veins. The smallest of these are the venules.

The particular vein into which the capillaries and venules of the lungs finally unite is the pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein carries the freshly oxygenated blood to the left auricle. The pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein make up the pulmonary circulation.

6. The contraction of the left ventricle forces the^blood through a one-way valve into the aorta («to lift up» — Greek). The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It movfes upward at first (the ascending 4orta), but then arches over dorsally (the arch of the aorta). In its downward course, the aorta passes through the diaphragm. •''

7. The blood is a red fluid, which coagulates when escape^ from a blood vessel. It consists of a colourless fluid, plasma or seHtirt;' and many millions of minute bodies, the corpuscles. I^е (^i' I

68 ^ Learning to Understand a Medical Text

Notes

1. inch (сокр. in.) = 2,54 cm (centimetres)

2. ounce (сокр. oz.) = 28,33 gram (grammes)

Упражнение 12. Подберите к латинским словам английские эквиваленты.

male spinal

female chest

thorax man

dorsal woman

Упражнение 13. Подберите пары синонимов.

substance, to supply, to nourish, because of, because, minute, tiny, to provide, to obtain, due to, fine, as, matter, to feed

Упражнение 14. Подберите пары антонимов.

larger, upward, ascending, colourless, thick, colourful, thin, descend­ing, downward, smaller

Упражнение 15. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите, какими частями речи являются выделенные слова.

1. The number and even nature of the clots in the veins and arteries differ according to their size. 2. Under the microscope we can see the membrane which consists of a number of separate cells. 3. Blood includes minute bodies, which give the blood its colour. 4. The heart makes 70-80 contrac­tions a minute.

Упражнение 16. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите времен­ную форму глагола-сказуемого.

1. The heart is beating in the experimental animals even when we destroy the nerve supply. 2. The vena cava brings deoxygenated blood which has passed through the body to the right atrium. 3. During diastole, the atrium of the heart is filling with blood from the venae cavae and the pulmonary vein. 4. We were discussing the anatomy of the heart at the English lesson yester­day. 5. We shall still be working at this problem for another week. 6. The teacher corrected the tests which the students had written the day before.

Упражнение 17. Поставьте прилагательные в следующих предложениях в сравнительную или превосходную степень.

1. The veins are (large) than capillaries. 2. The aorta is the (large) artery which distributes the blood throughout the body. 3. I know the

Lesson 3 О 69

structure of the heart (good) than that of the lungs. 4. Anatomy is (diffi­cult) subject for me. 5. The human heart weighs (little) than a pound.