Text A Acute Osteomyelitis

1. In this text we shall discuss the signs and symptoms of acute osteo­
myelitis, an infectious suppurative disease affecting bones.

Osteomyelitis is generally caused by Staphylococcus, which reaches the bones via the blood stream from a distant focus, often a throat infection. Its rise was especially sharp during World War II, particulary in 1942-46 when the lack of due antibiotics made the disease uncured.

2. The disease generally affects the upper end of tibia or lower end of femur. The infection is followed by intense reaction, with pus formation in the marrow spaces. From there the suppuration spreads along the marrow cavity and also through the cortex, to erupt on the surface and form a subperiosteal abscess. In some cases the marrow cavity is widely involved; in others, on the contrary, there is a large subperiosteal ab­scess, but little or no pus within the bone.

3. Almost always part of bone becomes necrotic, due to the toxic effect of pus under tension and to obliteration by the subperiosteal abscess of the periosteal vessels supplying the bone cortex. The main ntitrient artery itself may be thrombosed, leading to necrosis of the major part of the bone.

4. Acute osteomyelitis generally affects children, especially if in poor health, after an infectious fever. Sometimes there is a history of minor injury to the part a few days before the onset of acute symptoms.

5. In a typical case the onset is sudden. Then pain and inflammation of the bone are accompanied by marked toxaemia. The temperature rises, often to 103° or 104° F, the face is flushed and the tongue is furred. The leucocyte count rises to 20.000 or more. Delirium is frequent. The pain is severe. The limb is held immobile. The skin over the inflamed region is hot and red, and dilated veins may be evident. Slight superficial edema appears early. Localising signs develop early in the case of a superficial bone such as the tibia, later if the bone is deeply placed.

6. Acute osteomyelitis is a dangerous disease, especially when it affects a deep-seated bone, such as the upper end of the femur, pelvis or vertebrae. In those who survive the acute phase the disease often persists as chronic osteomyelitis. Eventually complete restoration of functions and general health will be expected in most cases, when appropriate treatment is applied.

Упражнение 7. Прочтите и переведите текст А Абзац 5 переведите письменно.

Lesson 15 ♦ 171

N мражнение 8. Найдите в тексте А ответы на данные вопросы.

1. What kind of diseases is osteomyelitis. 2. When was its rise especially

harp? Why? 3. What is osteomyelitis caused by? 4. Where does the infec-

non localize? 5. What is the course of the disease? 6. How does the

thsease begin in a typical case? 7. Does the disease persist as a chronic

«me or is complete restoration of functions and general health possible?

Упражнение 9. Переведите данные предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные слова.

1. The disease generally affects the upper end of tibia or lower end of lemur. 2. The infection is followed by intense reaction, with pus forma-non in the marrow spaces. 3. Almost always part of the bone becomes necrotic, due to the toxic effect of pus under the tension. 4. The main nutrient artery itself may be thrombosed. 5. In those who survive the •icute phase the disease often persists as chronic osteomyelitis.

Упражнение 10. Найдите в каждом абзаце предложения, выражающие основную мысль данного абзаца. Выпишите их.

Упражнение 11. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, синонимичное по значению первому слову ряда.

1. distant - obvious, remote, far-away, distinct, close; 2. to involve -lo invent, to include, to invite, to affect; 3. to spread — to go over, to divide, to distribute, to cover, to scatter; 4. onset - attack, beginning, process, turning-point; 5. severe — low, short-turn, acute, chronic; 6. region — locality, district, area, part, partition

Упражнение 12. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, противоположное по шачению первому слову ряда.

1. acute - dye, due, dull, dry; 2. minor - main, general, major, important; 3. evident — unclear, obscure; 4. appropriate - unsuitable, unfitting, common; 5. deeply — above, outside, superficially

Упражнение 13. Поставьте глаголы-сказуемые в форму действительного залога.

1. Acute osteomyelitis is generally caused by Staphylococcus aureus. 2. The infection was followed by intense reaction with pus formation in the marrow spaces. 3. After hospitalization he was prescribed appropri­ate treatment at home by his family doctor. 4. The wound will be dressed by her every second day.

172 ♦ Learning to Understand a Medical Text

Упражнение 14. Переведите следующие предожения на английский язык письменно.

1. Ее отправили в больницу два дня назад. 2. Доктор сказал, что нужна срочная операция. 3. При остеомиелите поражаются кости. 4. Гипсовую повязку снимут через три дня. 5. Рана зажила и боль­ному разрешили двигаться, 6. При остеомиелите в костном мозге образуется гной.