2015-05-26
2706
Упражнение 1. Напишите следующие предложения: а) в прошедшем нремени; б) в будущем времени. Переведите предложения.
1. You must follow all the new important medical researches in your Held. 2. By means of spirometry the dynamic lung volumes may be assessed without difficulty. 3. He must investigate a series of case reports before the lecture. 4. You may take your analyses in the laboratory. 5. Chronic inhalation of cadmium fumes can cause chronic progressive emphysema.
Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие предложения с модальными глаголами: can, could, may, might, must, shall.
1. We could not detect any antibiotic activity in the sputum of our patients. 2. The pre-treatment strains of two patients may be assumed lo be sensitive to streptomicin. 3. Thinking about asthma or hearing a description of an attack can even provoke asthma. 4. Every physician must know the pathology of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. S. Heavy physical activity shall not be resumed within the first three months after an attack of myocardial infarction. 6. Professor explained lhat dogs inhaling cigarette smoke over long periods might develop lung damage.
Упражнение З. Дайте исходные слова к нижеприведенным производным. stimulation, population, lining, investigation, accompanying
Упражнение 4. Прочтите и переведите данные гнезда слов.
1. to investigate — investigator, investigation, investigatory; 2. bile -biliary, bile-stained, bile-stone; 3. to complicate - complicated, uncomplicated, complication; 4. serum — sera, serous
190 ♦ Learning to Understand a Medical Text
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Упражнение 5. Прочтите и переведите данные словосочетания.
■•., -. О.; - С
bile duct, bile colic (calculus), complicated system (problem, mech
anism, apparatus), complicated disease ,x.,;■., ^.-:,,■,
Упражнение 6. Просмотрите текст А и скажите, сколько типов желтухи описано в тексте.
/ ■, Jaundice v,
1. Perhaps the most obvious symptom that may tesult from disease of the liver or biliary passages is jaundice, and the estimation of the level of bilirubin in the serum is to be therefore frequently carried out in the investigation of a case of liver disease!1 V«*' c. jv)
2. The fact that sera from different cases of jaundice can give different types of reaction has been used as a basis for differentiating between different types of jaundice. Jaundice should be divided into three main types, viz.: obstructive jaundice, hepatocellular or «toxic» jaundice (with or without some degree of accompanying obstruction) and haemolytic jaundice. In uncomlicated obstructive jaundice, liver function is largely or wholly normal, so that the bile pigments are excreted normally into the bile passages; but owing to the presence of some obstruction (either a stone impacted in the common bile duct, or obliteration of the duct by a carcinoma of the head of the pancreas) the bile is unable to enter the duodenum and has instead to be re-absorbed into the circulation. In hepatocellular jaundice the function of the liver cells is changed so that they can not excrete the normal amount of bile pigment reaching them in the blood stream. In this case bilirubin level gradually rises. Iri haemolytic jaundice the excessive amounts of bile pigment (which аф formed as a result of the excessive red cell destruction) are incompletely excreted by the liver cells and have been re-absorbed from the obstructive bile passages. In hepatocellular or obstructive jaundice the excess of circulating pigment has not passed through the liver cells.
Упражнение 7. Просмотрите текст А и найдите предложения, в которых описываются симптомы каждого типа желтухи.
Упражнение 8. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы и зачитайте их.
1. What procedure has to be performed to diagnose a liver disease? 2. How can a doctor differentiate between the types of jaundice? 3. How
' :>'-'f. "/ "!-U lesson 18 ♦ 191
