TEXT 1. Telecommunications Fundamentals

1. Выучите следующие слова и выражения:

essential [ɪ'sen(t)ʃ(ə)l] - внутренне присущий, неотъемлемый; затрагивающий

concept ['kɔnsept] -понятие

designate ['dezɪgneɪt] – (v) указывать, обозначать, называть

designation [dezɪg'neɪʃ(ə)n] - обозначение, знак, указание

magnitude ['mægnɪt(j)uːd ], [-ʧuːd] – величина, размеры; значение

range [reɪnʤ] – (v) колебаться, варьироваться

manifestation [mænɪfes'teɪʃ(ə)n] - проявление

source [sɔːs] – источник

transmitter [trænz'mɪtə], [træns-], [trɑːn-] передатчик

receiver [rɪ'siːvə] - приёмное устройство, приёмник

medium [ 'miːdɪəm] (pl. mediums, media) - средство

convert [ kən'vɜːt] - (v) преобразовывать, превращать

distortion [dɪ'stɔːʃ(ə)n] искажение

integer ['ɪntɪʤə] целое число

broadcast ['brɔːdkɑːst] – (n) радио- или телевещание, трансляция

(v) передавать по сети проводного вещания; использовать широко-вещательную передачу

broadcast communication - циркулярная связь; широковещательная связь

point-to-point — двухпунктовый, соединение типа «точка-точка»

point-to-point communication - двухпунктовая связь; прямая связь; коммуникации между двумя узлами

2. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст:

One way of understanding how telecommunications systems work and how they are changing is to consider a number of essential concepts.

A basic item that appears throughout any communications description is the prefix used in metric units for designating parameters such as length, speed, power level, and information transfer rate. As a handy reference, the table in Fig. 1 lists standard prefixes, their symbols, and their magnitudes, which range in size from 10²⁴ to 10^-24. As an example, a distance of 2 X 10^{-9 m (meters) (two times ten to the minus ninth power) = 2nm (nanometers). The three highest and lowest designations are not especially common in communication systems (yet!), but are included in the table for completeness.}

Some terms and concepts that are used in communications include: information (the content, such as spoken words, an image, the measurement of a physical unit, or values of bank accounts), a message (the physical manifestation of the information produced by the source, ranging from a single number or symbol to a long string of sentences), data (facts, concepts, or instructions presented as some type of encoded entities used to convey the information – these include arrays of