Pre-text exercises. 1. Объясните употребление времен группы Perfect, переведите

1. Объясните употребление времен группы Perfect, переведите:

1. She has been absent this week. She has been ill. 2. We have already written our term papers. 3. We have never been to England. 4. The rain had begun before we arrived home. 5. I have not seen my friend since the holidays. 6. He asked me if I had been invited to the party. 7. Have you already finished your diploma work? – No, I shall have finished it by the end of May. 8. Before the exhibition closes eighty to ninety thousand people will have attended it. 9. The once insoluble problems have been easily resolved by the research team. 10. Has she graduated from the University yet? 11. By the end of March the project will have been realized. 12. The project has already been submitted to the commission. 13. Easton and Fagin had found that the quality of the model improved. 14. The system had been installed before we finished. 15. This term has been used for a long time.

2. Выберите правильную форму сказуемого:

1. He (has graduated/graduated) from the RSVPU this year. He (graduated/ will have graduated) from the RSVPU in 5 years. 2. I (read/ have read) this article in the morning yesterday. I (read/have read) this article this morning. 3. We (saw/have seen) this film last year. We never (had seen/have seen) it before. 4. The title of the article (will be changed/will have been changed) by the author. 5. This method (is used/has been used) since 1999. This method (was used/ had been used) yesterday.

3. Раскройте скобки, поставив наречия в нужное место в предложении:

1. We have passed our examination (just). 2. They have finished their research work (already). 3. My sister has been a good student (always). She has been late for classes (never). 4. The dean has changed the time of our meeting (just). 5. I have not heard the news (yet). 6. He has told us about his scientific work (never).

4. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1. Мы изучаем английский язык уже давно. Еще до того, как мы поступили в университет, мы занимались языком больше пяти лет. Мы будем заниматься им и дальше. 2. Вы приготовили домашнее задание? – Да. – Когда Вы его приготовили? – Вчера. А мой товарищ еще не приготовил его. Он сейчас в читальном зале готовит его. Он обычно готовится к занятиям в читальном зале. 3. Приходи ко мне завтра в 3 часа. В это время я буду переводить статью и объясню тебе все сложные места. Я думаю, что к трем я закончу все свои другие задания.

5. Определите, чем выражено подлежащее в каждом предложении, переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. After the Japanese had set a goal to be the industry leader in ten years the fifth generation computers were introduced in the mid 1990s. 2. FORTRAN (short for FORmula TRANslator), the first high-level language, was developed in 1954 for mathematical computations; COBOL (short for COmmon Business Oriented Language) was introduced in 1959 for business application. 3. Everyone knows that today there are computerized security systems in many homes. 4. That the Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada Byron was the first programmer is not a well-known fact. 5. The 1960s and 1970s saw rapid growth in the use of both mainframe computers and minicomputers. 6. These new operating systems automated many tasks. 7. One must study five or six years to become a good programmer. 8. That computers can be found in all aspects of society including education, communication, science, medicine and business is known to everyone. 9. In the last few decades, computer-based technologies led to a redesign of our telephone systems. 10. One may get all the necessary books about computers in libraries and bookshops. 11. What has been and is being done in computer programming cannot be measured in yesterday’s standards. 12. What is necessary for the programmers is to get a good qualification.

6. Определите, чем выражено сказуемое в каждом предложении:

1. The difference and analytical engines invented by Charles Babbage were used in finding errors in handwritten tables and for mathematical calculations. 2. It is evident that the use of computer software requires special training. 3. UNIAC was created based upon Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) principals. 4. In 1981, the largest U.S. computer company, IBM, released the IBM PC. 5. New computer programs and new methods of programming computers must be designed and put into operation. 6. Some of the tasks that computers will do in the next generation of computing can be defined as artificial intelligence (AI). 7. It was the miniaturization, along with new processing techniques, that has resulted in ever smaller, faster computers. 8. The question is whether this scientific model will be applied to the industrial plants. 9. The main tendency of our life is that computers are being used in all spheres of technology, science and everyday life. 10. The question remains whether these data are reliable.