Restoration ecology

Restoration ecology is the scientific study and practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action, within a short time frame. Restoration ecology emerged as a separate field in ecology in the 1980s.

The Society for Ecological Restoration defines ecological restoration as an "intentional activity that initiates or accelerates the recovery of an ecosystem with respect to its health, integrity and sustainability". The practice of ecological restoration includes wide scope of projects including: erosion control, reforestation, the use of genetically local native species, removal of non-native species and weeds, revegetation of disturbed areas, reintroduction of native species, as well as habitat and range improvement for targeted species.

The process of ecological restoration is unique in land management perspectives, in that the goal is to restore the original or historic native ecosystem of a site, utilizing local native plant species, excluding exotic plants, and to restore the ecosystem to a self-sustainable state, within a certain amount of time.

The aspect of time and performance standards as part of the definition of ecological restoration, has been controversial since the invention of this new profession—that projects should be completed within a short amount of time, and that the percentage cover of the local native vegetation should be as close to 100% as possible, with less than 1% weed cover.

Вариант № 4

I. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола- сказуемого, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The factories are provided with new machines.

2. Several parts of the machine are being reconstructed by the mechanic now.

3. He will send the letter tomorrow.

4. Several jobs were offered to me by the manager.

5. Our experiments will have been finished by the end of the year.

II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, найдите и подчеркните инфинитив и причастие, определите функцию инфинитива и причастия в предложении.

1. The students must work on the farms.

2. Changed into his uniform, he looked younger and slimmer.

3. What we really want is a good critical article revealing our drawbacks.

4. To solve this problem is very important for agriculture.

5. To ski in the forest gives me pleasure.

6. He was playing tennis the whole evening yesterday.

7. He worked hard in order to improve his pronunciation.

8. To write the report he read a lot of literature.

III. Перепишите предложения, найдите и подчеркните объективный и субъективный инфинитивные обороты, переведите на русский язык.

1. He hated people to argue about trifles.

2. The book is said to be very popular.

3. He is not sure to change his opinion.