Cage pathology

Both separate cages, and the whole metaphytes can be exposed to various influences which lead to their structurally functional changes, to violations of their vital signs – pathologies.

The pathological changes of unicells leading to temporary violations of their separate functions or leading to the permanent violations which are coming to an end death of this cage - an organism, are result of defeat of separate intracellular structures.

The modern biology considers a cage as the uniform complex, integrated system where separate functions are interconnected and balanced with each other. Therefore violation and loss of separate stages of a cellular metabolism have to lead or to activation of spare roundabout ways or to expansion of events of already pathological character. At metaphytes pathology and death of a number of cages are used in a healthy organism for progressive normal processes. In this case there is a programmed switching off of these or those cellular functions leading to death of a cage.

Various factors at reversible damage of a cage answer with limited number of nonspecific changes. Supervision led to a conclusion that these morfofunktsionalny indicators of damage arise in the same way regardless of the nature of cages or from type of the damaging factor. Nonspecific nature of responses of a cage to various damaging factors can testify to existence, some general processes causing development of similar answers of cages. Thus in cages always oxidizing phosphorylation, increase the glikoliticheskikh of processes, activation of a proteoliz considerably falls.

Characteristic all-cellular reaction to damage is change of ability of a cage to connect various dyes. In the morphological relation structural and pathological changes start appearing: disintegration of vakuolyarny system, activation of lysosomes, change of structure of mitochondrions and kernel. Set of the nonspecific reversible changes of cytoplasm arising under the influence of various agents was designated by the term "paranecrosis".

At the cellular level treat pathological processes not only the phenomena connected by destruction of cages. Other level of cellular pathology – change of regulatory processes. It can be the violations of regulation of exchange processes leading to adjournment of various substances, violations of a differentiation (for example, tumoral growth).

Some terms:

proliferation (proliferatio; lat. posterity + fero I bear proles, I bring) - increase in number of cells of any fabric owing to their reproduction;

proliferative pool - the relation of quantity of the breeding cages to all mass of this cellular population;

reproduction (re-+ lat. productio production) - 1) in biology = Reproduction; 2) in psychology = Reproduction;

karyotype (kario-Greek karyon a kernel, a nut + Greek typos a form, a sample) - set of morphological features of a set of chromosomes of a somatic cage of an organism of this species;

gene (-ы) (Greek genos a sort, the birth, an origin) - the structural and functional unit of heredity controlling formation of any sign, representing a piece of a molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (at some viruses - ribonucleic acid);

genotype (gene + Greek typos print, sample, type; Xing.: идиотип, the constitution genetic) - set of all genes inherent in this individual;

genome (English genome, from Greek genos a sort, an origin) - the set of the chromosomal hereditary factors transferred from a parental individual to affiliated, representing at eukariot including at the person, a haploid set of chromosomes;

Control questions:

1. Mechanism and role of amitotic division

2. Value of a mitosis for a cage

3. Mitosis stages

4. A tsentrosoma role in cell division

5. Meiosis stages

6. First division of meiosis

7. Second division of meiosis

8. A role of a krossingover in modifying of individual hereditary information

9. Differences of a mitosis and meiosis, their biological value

10. Cellular cycle, its phases and regulation

The recommended literature: