Judges

The judge is the presiding officer of the court. The statutory basis for the appointment of judges dates from the Act of Settlement 1700.

Judges are not themselves a separate profession: they are barristers who have been elevated to the bench, itself a name derived from the part of the Court where they sit.

The judge decides the interpretation of the law. After all the evidence has been given the judge summarizes the case, both law and facts, for the jury. This is called his summing up.

Judges cannot be removed from office on account of political considerations — the independence of the judiciary is, at least theoretically, guaranteed.

V. Поставьте письменно 4 вопроса к тексту.

Вариант 9

I. Перепишите предложения и преобразуйте их из прямой речи в косвенную. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) “Who told you about this case, Fred?” Tom asked.

2) “Give me advice, Mum”, Peter asked.

3) “Did you learn anything about English courts, Bob?” Mike asked.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, обращая внимание на перевод условных предложений.

1) If the jury considers a prisoner guilty, the judge will pronounce a sentence.

2) I wish I knew his address.

3) You wouldn’t have so many accidents, if you drove slowly.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод инфинитива и инфинитивных конструкций, подчеркните их (в англ. предложении).

1) The object of punishment is to reform and educate the guilty person.

2) These devices are considered to be very effective.

3) He felt his heart beat with joy.

IV. Прочитайте, перепишите и письменно переведите текст:

Judges.

The professional judges, «High Court Judges», deal with the most serious crimes. They are paid salaries by the state. Alongside with professional judges there are unpaid judges. They are called «Magistrates» or «Justices of the Peace» (JPs). They are ordinary citizens who are selected not because they have any legal training but because they have «sound common sense» and understanding of their fellow human beings. They give up their time voluntarily.

Magistrates are selected by special committees in every town and district. Nobody, not even the Magistrates themselves, knows who is on the special committee in their area. The committee tries to draw Magistrates from different professions and social classes.

The work of the Magistrates' Courts throughout the country depends on the unpaid services of JPs.

V. Поставьте письменно 4 вопроса к тексту.

Вариант 10