Форма Perfect

Задание 33. Переведите предложения, выделяя сказуемые в форме Present Perfect и обращая внимание на способы перевода словосочетания in terms of.

1. The problem has been formulated in terms of dynamic programming by Bellman. 2. The once insoluble problems have been easily resolved by the research team. 3. No one organization has been predominately successful in exploiting the design. 4. Our attention has been restricted to the class of constant controllers. 5. Fault labels which have been added have been understood. 6. The classification has been made in terms of the complexity of the available strategies. 7. Once the form of the model has been specified it must be subjected to a critical evaluation. 8. This term has been used for a long time. 9. The method has not been widely used to date. 10. Numerous attempts have been made to prepare compounds of this type. 11. The three chromatographic techniques have thus far been presented in the simplest possible terms. 12. In some phenomena the periodicity appears only after several superimposed periodicities have been analyzed out. 13. He has for many years been in the forefront of research into important areas of O. R. (operation research) methodology. 14. Along with advances in game theory there have grown up new practical disciplines. 15. We have in this paper discussed an approach to adaptive control.

Задание 34. Переведите текст, выделяя глаголы в форме Present Perfect.

Scientific progress has been two-dimensional. First, the range of questions and problems to which science has been applied has been continuously extended. Second, science has continuously increased the efficiency with which inquiry can be conducted. The products of scientific inquiry then are: 1) a body of information and knowledge which enables us better to control the environment in which we live, and, 2) a body of procedures which enables us better to add to this body of information and knowledge.

Science both informs and instructs! The body of information generated by science and the knowledge of how to use it are two products of science. As already indicated, we will not be concerned here with the body of information and knowledge which it has generated: that is not with the specific theories, laws, and facts that have been developed in the various physical life, and behavioral science. Instead we will be concerned with the procedures by which science generates this body of knowledge, the process of inquiry.