2015-07-21
1160
-0’ Henry
84. Which famous event happened in California in 1849 was glorified in films and books?
-The Gold Rush
85. Name the American science fiction writer born in Russia who wrote "I, Robot".
- Isaac Asimov
86. Volkov's book,1 The Wizard of the Emerald Town", is an adaptation of a book written by an American writer. What is the title of the book and who is the American author?
- 'The (Wonderful) Wizard of Oz"; L. Frank Baum
87. Name the American senator who was the proto type of the main character in Robert Penn Warren's novel, 'All the King's Men"?
- Huey Long
88. Which American family compiled the first dictionary of the American variant of the English language?
-Webster
89. Which two novels by Mark Twain are often called "the first modern American novels"?
- (1) Huck Finn, (2) Tom Sawyer
90. Which famous novel of Herman Melville is concerned with an aquatic mammal?
- Moby Dick
91. During which periods in American history was the novel "Gone with the Wind" set?
- The Civil War and Reconstruction
92. Name the 1954 Nobel Laureate in Literature who wrote. "The Sun Also Rises".
- Ernest Hemingway
93. Who was the only American to serve as U.S. Poet Laureate and win the Pulitzer Prize for both fiction and poetry?
- Robert Penn Warren (poetry; "Brother to Dragons ('53)", "Promises ("57)", fiction: "All the King's Men ('46)", PL ('86)
94. Name the Russian-born poet who was expelled from the USSR, emigrated to the USA, and recently passed away in New York City.
- Joseph Brodsky
95. Which famous poem of Longfellow was translated into Russian by Ivan Bunin?
- "Song of Hiawatha"
96. Which famous Edgar A. Рое poem is named for a bird?
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- "The Raven"
97. Which American author wrote "The Last of the Mohicans"?
- James Fenimore Cooper
98. Which famous American document begins with the words, "We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union..."
- The Constitution of the United States
99. Name the largest library in the U.S.
- Library of Congress
100. Name the Afro-American author of “Song of Solomon”, «The Bluest Eye” and “Beloved” who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993.
- Toni Morrison.
British English vs American English
«The Americans are identical to the British in all respects except, of course, language.»
- Oscar Wilde
«We (the British and Americans) are two countries separated by a common language.»
G.B. Shaw
Американский и британский английский имеют общую родословную, но не желают признавать кровное родство.
Британский английский 
- это язык науки, международной политики, культуры; американский - язык экономики и бизнеса, популярного искусства, массовой музыки. Первый требует фонетической аккуратности, грамматической педантичности, интонационной корректности, стилистической точности; он идет рука об руку с этикетом, то есть правилами, нормами, некими 'коммуникационными обрядами'. Разговор на британском английском непременно несет оттенок церемониальности, искусственности, формальности.
Американский пропагандирует простоту, порой не знающую разумных пределов. Он с удовольствием впитывает и подминает под себя все чуждое, иностранное, мастерски уклоняясь от тисков этики и презрительно попирая формализм. Переговоры по-американски - это во многом подростковая демонстрация свободы самовыражения: не все ли равно, что за грамматические конструкции вы используете и какие подбираете слова. Кто вы - китаец, беглый ирландец или бывший английский рабочий, - тоже имеет мало значения, как и тот акцент, с которым говорите; главное, чтобы вас поняли. Поэтому неудивительно, что, скажем, такой оборот, как I seen him, становится языковой нормой.
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Посвященным в тайны английского языка известна полуанекдотическая история о Бернарде Шоу, заявившем, что если бы англичане следовали канонам фонетического письма, то слово fish (рыба) писалось бы как ghoti: звукосочетание gh почти всегда произносится как [ f ], [ i ] может передаваться посредством о (как в women), а последний звук эквивалентен среднему в слове nation.
Озадаченный и встревоженный проблемами английской орфографии писатель оставил премиальные человеку, который смог бы предложить продуманную и эффективную орфографическую реформу. Самой известной личностью, дерзнувшей выиграть премию Шоу, оказался внук известного стенографа Джеймс Питман: в 1959 г. он вынес на суд общественности алфавит, изобретенный на основе английских букв, использовавшихся в течение всей истории языка. Некоторые начальные школы Англии согласились на проведение эксперимента по апробированию новой системы письма. Когда на одной из таких школ англичане увидели вывеску ' Priemery Skwl ', они были шокированы столь явным обращением к англо-саксонской старине.
Ну, а теперь конкретнее:
| British English | American English |
| Clothes | |
| Trousers | Pants |
| Pants / Underwear / Knickers | Underwear / panties |
| briefs/underpants | shorts/jockey shorts |
| Jumper / Pullover / Sweater / Jersey | Sweater |
| Pinafore Dress | Jumper |
| Vest | Undershirt |
| Waistcoat | Vest |
| Wellington Boots / Wellies | Galoshes |
| Mac (slang for Macintosh) | Rain Coat |
| Plimsolls | Gym Shoes |
| Trainers | Sneakers |
| Braces | Suspenders |
| Suspenders | Holds up stockings |
| Dressing Gown | Robe |
| Nappy | Diaper |
| Pinny / Apron | Apron |
| Polo Neck | Turtle Neck |
| Dressing Gown | Bath Robe |
| Swimming costume / Cozzy | Bathing Suit |
| Dungarees | Overalls |
| dressing-gown | bathrobe |
| bootlace/shoelace | shoestring |
| bowler/hard hat | derby |
| Parts of car | |
| Bonnet | Hood |
| Windscreen | Windshield |
| Boot | Trunk |
| Reversing lights | Back-up lights |
| Number plate | License plate |
| Gear lever | Gear shift |
| Exhaust pipe | Tail pipe / Muffler |
| People | |
| Girl / Lass | Girl |
| Boy / Lad | Boy |
| Man / Bloke / Chap/ Gentleman / Guy / | Man / Guy |
| Lady / Woman | Lady |
| Policeman / Bobby/ Copper | Policeman / Cop |
| Postman | Mailman |
| Dustman | Garbage Man |
| Friend / Pal / Chum/ Mate / Buddy | Friend / Buddy |
| Cashier | Teller |
| Lollypop Man | Crossing Guard |
| Guard (railway) | Conductor |
| Solicitor | Lawyer/attorney |
| Caretaker/porter | Janitor |
| Nutter | Crazy Person |
| Mum / Mummy / Mom | Mom |
| On the road | |
| Dual carriageway | Divided highway |
| Sleeping Policeman / speed bump | Speed bump |
| Car park | Parking Lot |
| Car Journey / drive | Road Trip |
| Zebra Crossing / Pedestrian Crossing | Cross Walk |
| Lollipop Man or Lady | Crossing Guard |
| Motorway | Freeway/throughway |
| Motorway | Super highway |
| Traffic Jam / Tailback | Traffic Jam |
| Lorry | Truck |
| Articulated Lorry | Tractor Trailer / Trailer Truck |
| Estate car | Station wagon |
| Petrol | Gas / Gasoline |
| Pavement | Sidewalk |
| Petrol Station | Gas Station |
| Skip | Dumpster |
| Diversion | Detour |
| Lay-by | Pull-off |
| Cul-de-sac | Dead end |
| Roundabout (road) | Traffic circle |
| Fly-over | Overpass |
| Fire Engine | Fire Truck |
| Phone Box | Telephone Booth |
| Overtake (vehicle) | Pass |
| Convoy | Caravan |
| Caravan | Trailer |
| In and around the house | |
| The Toilet / Loo / The John / Bog / WC / Visiting the little boys (little girl's room). | Bathroom / Restroom |
| Bathroom - the room where the bath is. If you asked us for the bathroom we will think you want to have a bath! | |
| Tap | Faucet |
| Garden | Backyard / Yard |
| Cupboard | Closet |
| Wardrobe | Closet |
| Curtains | Drapes |
| Net curtains | Sheers/under drapes |
| Bin / Dust Bin | Trash Can |
| Telephone / Blower / Phone | Telephone |
| Television / Box / Telly/ TV | TV / Television |
| Cooker e.g. gas cooker, electric cooker | Range or Stove |
| Couch / Sofa / Settee | Sofa |
| Hand Basin / Sink | Sink |
| Run the bath | Fill the tub |
| Bath | Bath tub |
| Bath (v.) | Bathe |
| Wireless / Radio | Radio |
| Clothes peg | Clothes pin |
| Sitting room | Living room |
| Living room | Living room |
| Lounge | Living room |
| Drawing room | Living room |
| Sofa | Davenport/couch |
| Semi-Detached House | Duplex |
| Block of flats | Apartment house |
| Block of flats | Apartment building |
| First floor | Second floor |
| Terrace (row of houses joined) | Town House |
| Chemist | Drug Store / Druggist |
| Surgery | Doctor's office |
| Cafe / Caff (not 24 hrs) | Diner |
| Ironmonger | Hardware store |
| Bungalow | House (one story) Ranch House |
| Newsagent | News dealer/news stand |
| Off license/wine merchant | Liquor store |
| Bureau de change | Currency exchange |
| Bill | Check (restaurant) |
| Food and drinks | |
| Scone | Biscuit |
| Fairy Cake | Cup Cake |
| Courgette | Zucchini |
| Sweets | Candy |
| Sausage / Banger | Sausage |
| Crisps | Chips |
| Chips (French Fries in McDonald's) | French Fries |
| Starter | Appetizer |
| Puddings / Afters / Dessert / Sweets | Dessert |
| Jacket Potato / Baked Potato | Baked Potato |
| Jam | Jelly or Jam |
| Jelly (a dessert in th UK) | Jell-o (flavoured gelatin) |
| Aubergine | Eggplant |
| Sandwich / Butty / Sarny | Sandwich |
| Ice lolly | Popsicle |
| Bill (at restaurant) | check |
| Grill (oven grill) | Broil (oven broil) |
| Food / Grub / Nosh | Food |
| Rasher | A slice of bacon |
| Eggy bread (fried) | French Toast |
| Runner beans | Green beans |
| broad bean | lima bean |
| Soldiers (We dip soldiers in our soft boiled eggs) | Finger sized slices of toast. |
| bap | hamburger bun |
| Take-away | Take out |
| biscuit (sweet) | cookie |
| corn flour | corn starch |
| desiccated (coconut) | shredded |
| icing sugar | powdered sugar |
| icing sugar | confectioner’s sugar |
| kipper | smoked herring |
| marrow | squash |
| semolina | cream of wheat |
| sorbet | sherbet |
| Swiss roll | jelly roll |
| black treacle | molasses |
| black or white?(coffee) | with or without? |
| candyfloss | cotton candy |
| Flapjacks in England are oats mixed with honey and/or golden syrup and baked then cut into slices. sometimes raisins are added to the mixture. | |
| Other words | |
| Torch | Flashlight |
| Plaster | Band-Aid |
| Autumn | Fall |
| Bank Holiday | National Holiday |
| Lift | Elevator |
| Queue There's a queue. | Stand in a Line There's a line. |
| Quid (slang for pound) | Bucks |
| Trodden on | Stepped on |
| I'm knackered | I'm Beat |
| Kip / sleep | sleep |
| Nick | steal |
| Starkers / naked | Naked |
| Come round | Come over |
| Off you go | Go ahead |
| It's gone off | It's spoiled |
| Lady bird | Lady bug |
И более подробный словарик:
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| British English | American English | |
| A | ||
| aerial (radio/TV) | antenna | |
| American football | football | |
| anorak | parka | |
| articulated lorry | trailer truck/semi trailer | |
| aubergine | eggplant | |
| autumn | fall | |
| B | ||
| bank holiday | legal holiday | |
| bank note | bill | |
| bap | hamburger bun | |
| bat (ping pong) | paddle | |
| bath | bathtub | |
| bath (v.) | bathe | |
| bathroom | bathroom/restroom/washroom | |
| big dipper | roller coaster | |
| bill | check (restaurant) | |
| bill/account | account | |
| billion = million million | billion = thousand million | |
| biscuit (sweet) | cookie | |
| black or white?(coffee) | with or without? | |
| blackleg/scab | scab | |
| black treacle | molasses | |
| blind (window) | shade | |
| block of flats | apartment house | |
| block of flats | apartment building | |
| blue jeans | dungarees/jeans | |
| bomb (success) | bomb (disaster) | |
| bonnet (car) | hood | |
| book (v.) | make reservation | |
| boot (car) | trunk | |
| bootlace/shoelace | shoestring | |
| bowler/hard hat | derby | |
| braces | suspenders | |
| break (school) | recess | |
| briefs/underpants | shorts/jockey shorts | |
| broad bean | lima bean | |
| bureau de change | currency exchange | |
| butter muslin/cheese cloth | cheese cloth | |
| C | ||
| candyfloss | cotton candy | |
| caravan | trailer | |
| caretaker/porter | janitor | |
| car park | parking lot | |
| catapult | slingshot | |
| cattle grid | Texas gate | |
| centre (city/business) | downtown | |
| central reservation | median strip/divider | |
| chairman (business) | president | |
| chemist | druggist | |
| chemist’s shop | pharmacy/drugstore | |
| chest of drawers | dresser/bureau | |
| chips | French fries | |
| cinema | movie house/theater | |
| class/form (school) | grade | |
| cloakroom | check room | |
| cloakroom attendant | hat check girl | |
| clothes peg | clothes pin | |
| conscription | draft | |
| contraceptive/condom | rubber | |
| convoy | caravan | |
| cooker | stove | |
| corn flour | corn starch | |
| corporation/local authority | city/municipal government | |
| cot/crib | crib | |
| cotton | thread | |
| cotton reel | spool | |
| cotton wool | cotton batting | |
| courgette | zucchini | |
| court shoe | pump | |
| cream cracker | soda cracker | |
| crisps | chips/potato chips | |
| cul-de-sac | dead end | |
| cupboard | closet | |
| curtains | drapes | |
| D | ||
| desiccated (coconut) | shredded | |
| director (company) | manager | |
| directory enquiries | information assistance | |
| directory enquiries | directory assistance | |
| district | precinct | |
| diversion | detour | |
| drain (indoors) | sewer pipe | |
| draper | drygoods store | |
| draught excluder | weather stripping | |
| draughts | checkers | |
| drawing pin | thumb tack | |
| dressing-gown | bathrobe | |
| dual carriageway | divided highway | |
| dummy | pacifier | |
| dungarees | overalls | |
| dustbin/bin | garbage can/trash can | |
| dynamo | generator | |
| E | ||
| eiderdown | comforter | |
| state agent | realtor | |
| estate car | station wagon | |
| F | ||
| fair (fun) | carnival | |
| filling station / petrol station | gas station | |
| film | movie | |
| first floor | second floor | |
| fish slice | spatula/egg lifter | |
| fitted carpet | wall to wall carpet | |
| flannel | wash cloth | |
| flat | apartment | |
| flex | electric cord/wire | |
| fly-over | overpass | |
| football/soccer | soccer | |
| fortnight | two weeks | |
| foyer | lobby/foyer | |
| full stop (punctuation) | period | |
| funny bone | crazy bone | |
| G | ||
| gallery (theatre) | balcony | |
| gangway | aisle | |
| gaol | jail | |
| garden | yard | |
| gear lever | gear shift | |
| giddy | dizzy | |
| give a bell(to phone) | give a buzz | |
| goods truck (railway) | freight truck | |
| goose pimples | goose bumps | |
| gramophone/record player | phonograph/record player | |
| greenfingers | green thumb | |
| grill (v.) | broil | |
| guard (railway) | conductor | |
| gym shoes/plimsolls | sneakers/tennis shoes | |
| tennis shoes/trainers | sneakers/tennis shoes | |
| H | ||
| hair grip/kirby grip | bobbie pin | |
| handbag | purse/pocket book | |
| hardware | housewares | |
| headmaster/mistress | principal | |
| hire purchase | installment plan | |
| holiday | vacation | |
| homely (=pleasant) | homely (=ugly) | |
| hoover (n.) | vacuum cleaner | |
| hoover (v.) | vacuum | |
| housing estate | sub-division | |
| I | ||
| ice/sorbet | sherbet | |
| iced lolly | popsicle | |
| icing sugar | powdered sugar | |
| icing sugar | confectioner’s sugar | |
| identification parade | line-up | |
| immersion heater(electric) | water heater | |
| interval | intermission | |
| ironmonger | hardware store | |
| J | ||
| jab (injection) | shot | |
| joint (meat) | roast | |
| jug | pitcher | |
| jumper/sweater/pullover | sweater/pullover | |
| K | ||
| kiosk/box (telephone) | telephone booth | |
| kipper | smoked herring | |
| knickers (girl’s) | underwear/panties | |
| knock up (tennis) | warm up | |
| knock up (call from sleep) | in American slang this means to get a woman pregnant | |
| L | ||
| label | tag | |
| larder | pantry | |
| lavatory/toilet/w.c./loo | john/bathroom/washroom | |
| lay-by | pull-off | |
| leader (leading article in newspaper) | editorial | |
| leader(1st violin in orchestra) | concert master | |
| left luggage office | baggage room | |
| let | lease/rent | |
| level crossing (railway) | grade crossing | |
| lift | elevator | |
| limited (company) | incorporated | |
| lodger | roomer | |
| lorry | truck | |
| lost property | lost and found | |
| M | ||
| mackintosh | raincoat | |
| made to measure | custom made | |
| managing director/MD | general manager | |
| marrow | squash | |
| methylated spirits | denatured alcohol | |
| mileometer | odometer | |
| motorway | freeway/throughway | |
| motorway | super highway | |
| N | ||
| nappy | diaper | |
| neat (drink) | straight | |
| net curtains | sheers/under drapes | |
| newsagent | news dealer/news stand | |
| nought | zero | |
| noughts and crosses | tic-tac-toe | |
| number plate | license plate | |
| O | ||
| off license/wine merchant | liquor store | |
| oven cloth/gloves | pot holder/oven mitt | |
| overtake (vehicle) | pass | |
| P | ||
| pack (of cards) | deck | |
| packed lunch | sack lunch/bag lunch | |
| panel beater | body shop | |
| pants (boy’s underwear) | shorts/underwear | |
| paraffin | kerosene | |
| parcel | package | |
| pavement/footpath | sidewalk | |
| personal call | person-to-person call | |
| petrol | gas/gasoline | |
| pillar box/letter box | mail box | |
| plaster/elastoplast | bandaid | |
| point/power point/socket | outlet/socket | |
| post | ||
| postal code | zip code | |
| postman | mailman/postman | |
| postponement | raincheck | |
| pram | baby carriage/baby buggy | |
| prison | penitentiary | |
| public convenience | bathroom/restroom/washroom | |
| public school | private school | |
| pudding | dessert | |
| purse | change purse | |
| pushchair | stroller | |
| put down/entered(goods) | bought/charged | |
| put through (telephone) | connect | |
| Q | ||
| queue (n.) | line | |
| queue (v.) | stand in line/line up | |
| R | ||
| rasher (bacon) | slice | |
| reception (hotel) | front desk | |
| receptionist | desk clerk | |
| return ticket | round trip ticket | |
| reverse charges | call collect | |
| reversing lights | back up lights | |
| ring up/phone | call/phone | |
| roof/hood (car) | top | |
| roundabout (road) | traffic circle | |
| rubber | eraser | |
| rubbish | garbage/trash | |
| S | ||
| saloon car | sedan | |
| scribbling pad/block | scratch pad | |
| sellotape | scotch tape | |
| semi-detached | duplex | |
| semolina | cream of wheat | |
| shattered | exhausted | |
| shop assistant | sales clerk/sales girl | |
| sideboard | buffet | |
| sideboards (hair) | sideburns | |
| silencer (car) | muffler | |
| single ticket | one way ticket | |
| sitting room | living room | |
| living room | living room | |
| lounge | living room | |
| drawing room | living room | |
| skipping rope | jump rope | |
| skirting board | baseboard | |
| sledge/toboggan | sled | |
| smalls (washing) | underwear | |
| sofa | davenport/couch | |
| solicitor | lawyer/attorney | |
| sorbet | sherbet | |
| spanner | monkey wrench | |
| spirits (drink) | liquor | |
| spring onion | scallion/green onion | |
| staff (academic) | faculty | |
| stalls (theatre) | orchestra seats | |
| stand (for public office) | run | |
| standard lamp | floor lamp | |
| state school | public school | |
| sellotape | adhesive tape | |
| stone (fruit) | pit | |
| sultana | raisin | |
| surgery(doctor’s/dentist’s) | office | |
| surgical spirit | rubbing alcohol | |
| suspender belt | garter belt | |
| suspenders | garters | |
| swede | turnip/rutabaga | |
| sweet corn | corn | |
| sweet shop/confectioner | candy store | |
| sweets/chocolate | candy | |
| Swiss roll | jelly roll | |
| T | ||
| tadpole | pollywog | |
| tap | faucet | |
| teat (baby’s bottle) | nipple | |
| tea trolley | tea cart | |
| telegram | wire | |
| telephone box | phone booth | |
| term academic (3 in a year) | semester(2 in a year) | |
| tights | pantyhose | |
| time-table | schedule | |
| tin | can | |
| tip (n. and v.) | dump | |
| torch | flashlight | |
| traffic lights | stop lights | |
| traffic lights | traffic signals | |
| traffic lights | stop signals | |
| trousers | pants/slacks | |
| truncheon (police) | night stick | |
| trunk call/long distance | long distance call | |
| tube/underground | subway | |
| turnover | sales/revenue | |
| turn-ups (trousers) | cuffs (pants) | |
| U | ||
| undergraduates: | undergraduates: | |
| - 1st year | - freshman | |
| - 2nd year | - sophomore | |
| - 3rd year | - junior | |
| - 4th year | - senior | |
| unit trust | mutual fund | |
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