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IV. Match the meanings of these terms with their definition:
| 1. beam 2. slab 3. crossing 4. pier 5. cofferdam 6. adjacent 7. design | 1. flat thick esp. rectangular piece of solid material, esp. stone 2. place where things cross. 3. long sturdy piece of squared timber or metal 4. watertight enclosure pumped dry to permit work below the waterline, e.g. building bridges 5. a preliminary plan or sketch for making something 6. a support of an arch or of the span of a bridge 7. lying near; adjoining |
V.Fill in the correct prepositions:
for, than, with, of, into, across, of, in, by, on, through, in, into
To be supported … beams, to be poured … the water, to be laid … a stream, to be constructed … long slabs … stone, to rise … height, to be hung … suspension … single-file crossing, to be … more permanence … wood, to pass … the piers, to be built … rock, to be driven … the riverbed
VI. Read the text and say what following words are key ones in each part consequently:
1. Beam, trunk, stones, channels, ropes, suspension, clapper bridges, few labour costs, single-file crossing
2. Military campaigns, pozzolana, circular arch form, strong piers, bridges of more permanence, the cofferdam, engineers and skilled workmen, guilds
3. Wooden cantilever bridges, old boats filled with stones, iron bridges, layers of logs, less resistance to floods, masonry-arch bridge, failure
VII. Using the key words describe three ancient types of bridges.
VIII. Complete the following table:
| № | The period and the country | Type of the bridge | Materials used | Difficulties |
| 1. | Beam bridge | |||
| 2. | stones | |||
| 3. | Ancient Asia |
Text 4: The Middle Ages and The Renaissance
