2015-07-21
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Techniques, combination, forced, mountain, notorious, railroad, long-distance, spectacular, succession, drainage, inflow
In the United States the first … tunnel was a 701-foot construction on the Allegheny Portage Railroad. Built in 1831-33 it was a … of canal and railroad systems carrying canal barges over a summit. Simultaneously more … railroad tunnels were being started through the Alps. Its engineer, A. Sommeiller, introduced many pioneering …. Ventilation became a major problem which was solved by the use of … air from water powered fans and a horizontal diaphragm at mid height. Most … rock tunnels have encountered problems with water inflows. One of the most … was the first Japanese Tanna Tunnel driven through the Takiji Peak in 1920. The engineers and crews had to cope with a long … of extremely large inflows the first of which killed 16 men and buried 17 others. Three years later another major … drowned several workers. In the end Japanese engineers hit on the expedient of digging a parallel … tunnel the entire length of the main tunnel. In addition, they resorted to compressed - air tunneling with shield and air lock a technique almost unheard - of in … tunneling.
FOLLOW UP ACTIVITIES:
Speak on:
The history of tunneling.
The history of tunneling in Belarus.
Unit 6: KINDS OF TUNNELS
Lead in
What are tunnels used for?
Find the following terms and memorize their meaning.
| to bore steep grades to haul exhaust fumes fan jam to line | to withstand blasting open cut cut and cover shield interference savings |
